2024屆高中英語第1輪總復(fù)習(xí) part2 第14講《跨越“單項(xiàng)填空”的命題陷阱》新人教版
單項(xiàng)填空是高考英語試卷的第一道題，如果能輕松拿下，就能帶著一份明快的心情向后面的試題進(jìn)發(fā)；如果在此卡殼了，將直接影響后面的發(fā)揮。所以，精心備考單項(xiàng)填空十分重要。
但近年來，高考英語對(duì)學(xué)生的語言理解及運(yùn)用能力要求日益提高，單項(xiàng)填空中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些綜合性較強(qiáng)的陷阱題。如何跳出這些陷阱題呢？首先我們要弄清命題者是如何設(shè)計(jì)陷阱的，然后才能有力地“還擊”。 【陷阱一】利用定勢(shì)思維，設(shè)置“陷阱”。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，記住要點(diǎn)，結(jié)合語境，識(shí)破“陷阱”，理清題意。 例1. I couldn't help ______ that day for I was too busy.
A. sweeping the floor
B. to sweep the floor
C. swept the floor
D. to sweeping the floor 【解析】此題并不是couldn't help doing(情不自禁)的運(yùn)用，而是對(duì)help (to) do的考查，故選B。 【陷阱二】拆散短語，模糊視線。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】分解成相應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)單句。
例2. What great difficulty we had ______ her!
A. persuade
B. to persuade
C. persuading
D. persuaded 【解析】本題可理解為We had great difficulty ______ her. 考查“have difficulty in doing…”，所以選C。 【陷阱三】巧設(shè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，設(shè)置“陷阱”。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】識(shí)破玄機(jī)，看清句逗。
例3. ______ is reported in the newspaper, the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.
A．It
B．As
C．What
D．That 例4. ______， we had to go home on foot.
A. There were no buses
B. There to be no buses
C. There being no buses
D．There been no buses
【解析】例3中有逗號(hào)，所以此句逗號(hào)前應(yīng)為狀語，故選B，若此句中逗號(hào)換為that，答案則為It。 例4中有逗號(hào)相隔，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)表原因，選C，若逗號(hào)換為句號(hào)，答案則是A。 【陷阱四】句式混淆，設(shè)置干擾選項(xiàng)。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】明辨是非，記清句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。
例5. — Do you know our town at all? — No, this is the first time I ______ here.
A. came
B. could come
C. have come
D. might come 例6. There seems to ______ a person in the distance.
A. have
B. being C. be
D. was 【解析】例5中，考查It's the first time that…＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，選C。但在選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置了干擾項(xiàng)A，容易喚起考生對(duì)“It's time that…＋過去式”的記憶，增加了解題的難度。例6意為“遠(yuǎn)方似乎有一個(gè)人。”“有：have, there be”， 易出錯(cuò)。此題實(shí)際上在考查 “there be”的句型， 答案為C。 【陷阱五】比較級(jí)的形式卻非比較級(jí)的意思。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】抓住語境，弄清題目中的隱含意義。
例7. He had never spent a ______ day.
A．more worry
B．most worrying
C．more worrying
D．most worried
【解析】這類題目中通常會(huì)出現(xiàn) never, not 或doubt ，其后跟“…a ＋比較級(jí)”，用比較級(jí)形式表最高級(jí)意思。因此，答案選C。
【陷阱六】考查時(shí)態(tài)卻沒有時(shí)間狀語。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】把握隱含的時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)語境推出實(shí)際的時(shí)態(tài)。
例8. I can see you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.
A. are wearing
B. were wearing
C. had worn
D. wore 【陷阱六】考查時(shí)態(tài)卻沒有時(shí)間狀語。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】把握隱含的時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)語境推出實(shí)際的時(shí)態(tài)。
例9. — Let's see if the football game has started yet.
— Started? It must be clear which team _____ by now.
A. is winning
B. wins
C. had won
D. would win 【解析】例8中，可進(jìn)行這樣的推理：穿衣時(shí)很匆忙，所以現(xiàn)在衣服穿反了。因而時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，選A。例9中，根據(jù)答語可知，比賽已經(jīng)進(jìn)行到能預(yù)料勝負(fù)的時(shí)刻了，所以選A，“be ＋-ing”表示即將發(fā)生。 【陷阱七】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考法不斷創(chuàng)新，增加難度。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】理解并記住強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的多種形式，看準(zhǔn)其基本標(biāo)志。 例10. _____ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?
A. What; that; that
B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that
D. What; that; what 例11. I've already forgotten ______ you put the dictionary.
A. that it was there
B. where was it
C. that where it was
D. where it was that 【陷阱七】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考法不斷創(chuàng)新，增加難度。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】理解并記住強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的多種形式，看準(zhǔn)其基本標(biāo)志。 例12. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______
he spent his childhood.
A. which; that
B. that; where
C. which; which
D. that; which 【解析】
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可能會(huì)在一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和含名詞性從句或定語從句的句子中考查，因此有必要記住相應(yīng)的形式。如一般疑問句形式 “Is/Was it ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who…”， 特殊疑問句形式“特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋that/who…？” 例10對(duì)照相應(yīng)的句式很容易選出答案D。 【解析】
(2)例11把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句相結(jié)合，把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式作forgotten的賓語從句，因而選陳述語序D。例12中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語從句相結(jié)合，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分含一個(gè)定語從句，這樣就使整個(gè)句子變得很復(fù)雜。此時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意搞清強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的標(biāo)志 “It is/was ＋…＋that/who…”， 不要混淆定語從句中的關(guān)系詞that/who和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that/who，本題答案選A。 【解析】
總之，高考單項(xiàng)填空題有20個(gè)小題，考查內(nèi)容涉及面廣，并突出了綜合性和語境化的特點(diǎn)。解題時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合語境，靈活使用語法、詞匯知識(shí)，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，排除干擾項(xiàng)，這樣才能從容不迫，笑傲考場(chǎng)。
單項(xiàng)填空是高考英語試卷的第一道題，如果能輕松拿下，就能帶著一份明快的心情向后面的試題進(jìn)發(fā)；如果在此卡殼了，將直接影響后面的發(fā)揮。所以，精心備考單項(xiàng)填空十分重要。
但近年來，高考英語對(duì)學(xué)生的語言理解及運(yùn)用能力要求日益提高，單項(xiàng)填空中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些綜合性較強(qiáng)的陷阱題。如何跳出這些陷阱題呢？首先我們要弄清命題者是如何設(shè)計(jì)陷阱的，然后才能有力地“還擊”。 【陷阱一】利用定勢(shì)思維，設(shè)置“陷阱”。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)，記住要點(diǎn)，結(jié)合語境，識(shí)破“陷阱”，理清題意。 例1. I couldn't help ______ that day for I was too busy.
A. sweeping the floor
B. to sweep the floor
C. swept the floor
D. to sweeping the floor 【解析】此題并不是couldn't help doing(情不自禁)的運(yùn)用，而是對(duì)help (to) do的考查，故選B。 【陷阱二】拆散短語，模糊視線。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】分解成相應(yīng)的簡(jiǎn)單句。
例2. What great difficulty we had ______ her!
A. persuade
B. to persuade
C. persuading
D. persuaded 【解析】本題可理解為We had great difficulty ______ her. 考查“have difficulty in doing…”，所以選C。 【陷阱三】巧設(shè)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，設(shè)置“陷阱”。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】識(shí)破玄機(jī)，看清句逗。
例3. ______ is reported in the newspaper, the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.
A．It
B．As
C．What
D．That 例4. ______， we had to go home on foot.
A. There were no buses
B. There to be no buses
C. There being no buses
D．There been no buses
【解析】例3中有逗號(hào)，所以此句逗號(hào)前應(yīng)為狀語，故選B，若此句中逗號(hào)換為that，答案則為It。 例4中有逗號(hào)相隔，獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)表原因，選C，若逗號(hào)換為句號(hào)，答案則是A。 【陷阱四】句式混淆，設(shè)置干擾選項(xiàng)。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】明辨是非，記清句型或結(jié)構(gòu)。
例5. — Do you know our town at all? — No, this is the first time I ______ here.
A. came
B. could come
C. have come
D. might come 例6. There seems to ______ a person in the distance.
A. have
B. being C. be
D. was 【解析】例5中，考查It's the first time that…＋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，選C。但在選項(xiàng)中設(shè)置了干擾項(xiàng)A，容易喚起考生對(duì)“It's time that…＋過去式”的記憶，增加了解題的難度。例6意為“遠(yuǎn)方似乎有一個(gè)人。”“有：have, there be”， 易出錯(cuò)。此題實(shí)際上在考查 “there be”的句型， 答案為C。 【陷阱五】比較級(jí)的形式卻非比較級(jí)的意思。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】抓住語境，弄清題目中的隱含意義。
例7. He had never spent a ______ day.
A．more worry
B．most worrying
C．more worrying
D．most worried
【解析】這類題目中通常會(huì)出現(xiàn) never, not 或doubt ，其后跟“…a ＋比較級(jí)”，用比較級(jí)形式表最高級(jí)意思。因此，答案選C。
【陷阱六】考查時(shí)態(tài)卻沒有時(shí)間狀語。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】把握隱含的時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)語境推出實(shí)際的時(shí)態(tài)。
例8. I can see you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.
A. are wearing
B. were wearing
C. had worn
D. wore 【陷阱六】考查時(shí)態(tài)卻沒有時(shí)間狀語。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】把握隱含的時(shí)態(tài)，根據(jù)語境推出實(shí)際的時(shí)態(tài)。
例9. — Let's see if the football game has started yet.
— Started? It must be clear which team _____ by now.
A. is winning
B. wins
C. had won
D. would win 【解析】例8中，可進(jìn)行這樣的推理：穿衣時(shí)很匆忙，所以現(xiàn)在衣服穿反了。因而時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，選A。例9中，根據(jù)答語可知，比賽已經(jīng)進(jìn)行到能預(yù)料勝負(fù)的時(shí)刻了，所以選A，“be ＋-ing”表示即將發(fā)生。 【陷阱七】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考法不斷創(chuàng)新，增加難度。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】理解并記住強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的多種形式，看準(zhǔn)其基本標(biāo)志。 例10. _____ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?
A. What; that; that
B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that
D. What; that; what 例11. I've already forgotten ______ you put the dictionary.
A. that it was there
B. where was it
C. that where it was
D. where it was that 【陷阱七】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型考法不斷創(chuàng)新，增加難度。 【應(yīng)對(duì)策略】理解并記住強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的多種形式，看準(zhǔn)其基本標(biāo)志。 例12. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______
he spent his childhood.
A. which; that
B. that; where
C. which; which
D. that; which 【解析】
(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可能會(huì)在一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和含名詞性從句或定語從句的句子中考查，因此有必要記住相應(yīng)的形式。如一般疑問句形式 “Is/Was it ＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who…”， 特殊疑問句形式“特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋that/who…？” 例10對(duì)照相應(yīng)的句式很容易選出答案D。 【解析】
(2)例11把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和名詞性從句相結(jié)合，把強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問句形式作forgotten的賓語從句，因而選陳述語序D。例12中，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和定語從句相結(jié)合，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分含一個(gè)定語從句，這樣就使整個(gè)句子變得很復(fù)雜。此時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意搞清強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的標(biāo)志 “It is/was ＋…＋that/who…”， 不要混淆定語從句中的關(guān)系詞that/who和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that/who，本題答案選A。 【解析】
總之，高考單項(xiàng)填空題有20個(gè)小題，考查內(nèi)容涉及面廣，并突出了綜合性和語境化的特點(diǎn)。解題時(shí)，應(yīng)結(jié)合語境，靈活使用語法、詞匯知識(shí)，透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，排除干擾項(xiàng)，這樣才能從容不迫，笑傲考場(chǎng)。
