2024英語考前沖刺Ⅲ專題15 短文改錯2024考前沖刺英語Ⅲ專題15 短文改錯
【高考預測】
短文改錯題旨在考查考生發現、判斷、糾正語篇錯誤的能力。它要求考生具備扎實的語言功底，相當高的語言運用能力；此題涉及到詞匯、語法、慣用法、篇章結構、行文邏輯等各個方面。但是，這種試題并不是檢測語法知識的，而是檢測考生寫作能力中的校驗能力。這種能力是進行書面表達的必備能力，寫作的成效需要良好的寫作程序的支持，而在寫作程序中，檢驗能力是不可缺少的要素。把短文改錯當作語法練習是對高考中短文改錯的誤解。
一、短文改錯題的解題步驟
1.通讀全文，掌握大意
短文改錯不是單句改錯，每一句的語意表達，結構選擇是受土下文制約的。如謂語動詞時態的選擇，代詞的指代功能等都要依照上下文的線索進行判斷。因此，考生應立足:于上下文，正確理解作者意圖，把握短文的題材、體裁、時態主線，人物和主要情節等，從整體上把握全文。
2.整句理解，逐行推敲
通讀全文，了解文章大意、寫作方式之后，要細致分析每一個完整的句子。應把主要注與時間狀語或上下文的時態保持一致等。
2.連接手段的錯誤
高考英語短文改錯命題的一個重要方面就是考查連接手段。連詞使用不當會造成上下文無法銜接。英語中的詞與詞、句與句必須使用并列或從屬連詞將其連接起來，，要判斷句與句之間的關系是并列、轉折、選擇、遞進還是讓步，從而選擇相應的連詞。若為復合句，首先判斷屬:廠何種從句，然后根據主從句之間的關系判斷連接詞的使用是否準確或是否有遺漏或多余的現象。
3.平行結構的錯誤
在表達相互平行的概念時，要使用相同的語法結構，即動詞與動詞對應，形容詞與形容詞對應，分詞與分詞對應，不定式與不定式對應，短語與短語對應。它經常借助于并列連詞and，or，but或連詞詞組not only...but also...，not...but...，either...or...，neither...nor...，as well as等。
4.非謂語動詞形式上的錯誤
主要考查不定式符號to的多余或遺漏；to是介詞還是不定式符號的辨認(后跟動詞原形考生對名詞單復數的掌握情況。
8.詞語搭配的錯誤
主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞與動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后缺少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型及習慣搭配等。
9.詞性分辨的錯誤
詞在句中的位置及與其他詞所形成的修飾與被修飾的關系決定了其正確形式，詞在句中不同的句法功能要求使用與之相匹配的詞性。
10.行文邏輯上的錯誤
短文改錯中的行文邏輯錯誤是最難改的一種錯誤。因為要識別和改出某種錯誤，考生必須細讀全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文邏輯發展順序的基礎上，作出正確判斷。
下面，我們以典型例題試題中幾道有代表意義的短文改錯題來分析一下這些種類的錯誤形式。
1. (2024精選模擬)短文改錯
My car just wouldn’t move any further. It was complete
1.
dead, and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold
2.
wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting I’d
3.
have to spend the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a
4.
telephone. Actually, I didn’t have to walk far before I
5.
found a small house standing on a field with a light
6.
shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and
7.
was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the
8.
door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had
9.
no telephone, and it wasn’t one within walking distance,
10.
but offered to come and look at my car.
去分詞做表語。
9.but改為and.連接手段的錯誤。兩個動作之間不是轉折關系。
10.it改為there.一致關系的錯誤。這里當是表示“存在有”的there be句型。
2.(典型例題改錯)
My sister found a bird on the roadside. We named him
Jack and keep him for about three years. He would greet us
1.
in a tree outside our bedroom, calling “Hello” as we lay in
2.
bed in a morning. He also passed "Hello" to the cats when
3.
they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself.
4.
We’d throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack would fly away
5.
and bring it back for us throw again. He would also catch
6.
the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and
7.
sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack
8.
were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day, we
9.
would return at night to hear that he’d picked up from the
radio in the day.
10.
試題分析
8.去掉for.多余詞匯的錯誤。按照文章的意思是表示轉折的but，而不是表示“要不是”的but for。
9.were改為was.一致關系的錯誤。主語是表示單數意義的"the most wonderful thing".[
10.that改為what.連接手段的錯誤。賓語從句中 pick up 缺少賓語。
3.(2024精選模擬)
Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over
1.
the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since
2.
long ago, many adults and children called their friends together
3.
to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people
4.
like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In otherwords,
5.
they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are
6.
playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities
7.
for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy.
8.
Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American
9.
big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.
10.
試題分析
10.sell改為buy．行文邏輯上的錯誤。根據文意是“買票看球賽”。
4. (2024精選模擬)短文改錯
Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often
1.
broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself,
2.
and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls,
3.
a car maker, was very interested in Royce’s car, but soon
4.
Rolls arid Royce go into business together. One of their first
5.
model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907, a Silver Ghost broke the
6.
world’s record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down
7.
once. After the drive, it was cost just over ￡ 2 to put the car
8.
back into perfect condition. This is not surprising that the Silver
9.
Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world”.
10.
試題解析
9.This改為It.一致關系的錯誤。這里是形式主語it
10.regarded后加as．固定搭配的錯誤。短語regard as意為“把……認為／看作”。
5.短文改錯
There are advantage for students to work while1.
studying at school. One of them was that
2.
__
they can earn money, for the most part.
3.
students working to earn money for their own 4. __
use. Earning their own momey allow them
5. __
to spend on anything as if they please.
6. __
They would have to ask thier parents for
7. __
money or for permission to do things by
8. __
the money. Some students may also to save
9. __
up for our college or future use.
10.
__
試題分析
1.advantage改為advantages.名詞單復數錯誤。此處 advantage表示“利益，益處”，可數名詞。
6.短文改錯
Dear Mr. Brown,
I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
1.
Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in
2.
English. My pronunciation was terribly. I could
3.
only speak a few words. But one and a half year later.
4.
I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your
5.
encouraging words. I will always remember what you
6.
said, “If you try to, you can be No. 1 !”I hope you’ve
7.
had peasant journet home and will come to China
8.
again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9.
and send you the photos we take together.
10.
Yours sincerely,
Li Min
試題分析
1.with改為for.固定用法錯誤。thank sb. for sth為固定短語。
2.not改為no.否定詞用示錯誤。ho修飾后面的名詞interest。
3.terribly改為terrible.形容詞副詞用法錯誤。系表結構中當用形容詞。
4.year改為years.名詞的數與格的錯誤。一年半是復數形式。
5.Engish后加is.句子結構錯誤。think后賓語從句中缺謂語。
6.正確。
7.去掉to.非謂語動詞用法錯誤。此處應該省略to。
8.journey前加a.冠詞用法錯誤。journey是可數名詞。
9.sometimes改為sometime.副詞用法錯誤。Sometime表示未來的某個時候。
10.take改為took.時態用法錯誤。寄去的照片是以前照的，故用過去時。
Passage 1
Many many years ago there had a merchant
1.
答案: had改為was／lived
named Abul. He was the richer man in the
2.
答案: richer改為richest
country. He had large, strong boxes filling
3.
答案: filling改為filled
with gold, and his storehouses were full of
4.
答案: 正確
value goods. He owned land and houses and
5.
答案: value改為valuable
gardens. But though he was such rich, he
6.
答案: such改為so
spent least than the poorest beggar in the
7.
答案: least改為less
city. He ate only dates and breads, and wore
8.
答案: breads改為bread
his clothing for scores of years before he bought
9.
答案: clothing改為clothes
new ones. He had not bought new shoes since
10.
thirty years.
答案: since改為for
Passage 2
During this summer holiday I took part in special
1.
答案: special前加a
summer camp with some of my classmates. Where we
2.
答案: Where改為There
made some new friends who were senior students from
3.
答案: 正確
Canvey, a town in the Thames, lying to the east of London.
4.
答案: in改為on
As hosts, we showed them around many places of interests
5.
答案: interests改為interest
in Beijing, such the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and
6.
答案: such后加as
the Summer Palace and we tell them about the changes
7.
答案: tell改為told
which had been taken place in Beijing. They said that
8.
答案: 去掉been
Beijing was quite different with what they had heard of and
9.
答案: with改為from
it was as beautifully as Canvey. I think the summer camp
10.
is of great value.
答案: beautifully改為beautiful
Passage 3
My dream is always to visit to London, England. I
1.
答案: 去掉第二個to
imagined London like a big city with some of the best
2.
答案: 1ike改為as
art shows in the world. This summer my dream come true
3.
答案: come改為came
when I spent a week in London. I lived in a hotel in the
4.
答案: 1ived改為stayed
theatre area, but on the first day I took several long walks
5.
答案: but改為and
through the city staring all the famous buildings. Because
6.
答案: staring后加at
there is wide variety of programs, I could go to a different
7.
答案: wide前加a
theater every night to see different shows. The best was when
8.
答案: 正確
I went to see a playing by the most famous writer in the English
9.
答案: playing改為play
language-Shakespeare. This is was my mostly enjoyable vacation.
10.
答案: mostly改為most
Passage 4
During the summer holiday, I think I should do something
1.
答案: think改為thought
meaningful instead touring. So I got a job at a fast food
2.
答案: instead后加of
restaurant and worked there as cleaner. I worked 7 hours a day
3.
答案: cleaner前加a
for three weeks.
The job was hard and bored and seemedendless,
4.
答案: bored改為boring
it made me so tired that I nearly stopped it half way.
5.
答案: 第一個it改為which
After all, I stuck to it with determinations. Every day I started
6.
答案: determinations改為determination
off for work early in the morning and went to home late in the
