高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練十四一——倒裝

　　14. 倒裝

　　14.1

　　全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　1） here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示來(lái)去或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。例如：

　　Then came the chairman. 那時(shí)總裁來(lái)了。

　　Here is your letter. 你的信。

　　2） 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：

　　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轟炸機(jī)肚底下竄出一枚導(dǎo)彈。

　　Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐著一個(gè)老嫗。

　　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：

　　Here he comes.

　　Away they went. 他們走開(kāi)了。

　　14.2 倒裝句之部分倒裝

　　部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句子的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。

　　句首為否定或半否定的詞語(yǔ)，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：

　　Never have I seen such a performance. 從未見(jiàn)過(guò)如此糟糕的表演。

　　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 無(wú)論如何你不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案的。

　　Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母親一直到孩子入睡后離開(kāi)房間。

　　當(dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：

　　I have never seen such a performance.

　　The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

　　典型例題

　　1）　Why can't I smoke here?

　　At no time___ in the meeting-room

　　A. is smoking permittedB.　smoking is permitted

　　C. smoking is it permitted　D.　does smoking permit

　　A. 這是一個(gè)倒裝問(wèn)題。當(dāng)否定詞語(yǔ)置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本題的正常語(yǔ)序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

　　2） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

　　A. man did know　 B. man know　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know

　　答案D.　 看到Not until…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D 中選一個(gè)。

　　改寫為正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋琈an did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。

　　14.3

　　如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等，要倒裝。例如：

　　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他沒(méi)有收下禮物，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人。

　　Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛出門，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪。

　　No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她剛出門，就有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)訪。

　　No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

　　A. the game began　 B.　has the game begun

　　C. did the game begin　 D.　had the game begun

　　D. 以具有否定意義的副詞放在句首時(shí)，一般采用倒裝句（謂語(yǔ)前置）。這類表示否定意義的詞有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but （also）, no sooner…than, hardly… when scarcely… when　等等。

　　Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如Not only you but also I am fond of music。

　　14.4 so, neither, nor作部分倒裝

　　用這些詞表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒裝。例如：

　　Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 湯姆會(huì)講法語(yǔ)，杰克也會(huì)。

　　If you won't go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。

　　---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

　　---I don't know, _____.

　　A. nor don't I careB. nor do I careC. I don't care neitherD. I don't care also

　　B. nor為增補(bǔ)意思"也不關(guān)心"，因此句子應(yīng)倒裝。A錯(cuò)在用 don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不對(duì)且缺乏連詞。D缺乏連詞。

　　注意：當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為"的確如此"。例如：

　　Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 湯姆邀我去踢球，我去了。

　　---It's raining hard.---So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。

　　14.5 only在句首倒裝的情況。例如：

　　Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有這樣，你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。

　　Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才來(lái)參加會(huì)議。

　　　 Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。

　　14.6 as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句

　　as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前（形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。但需注意：

　　1） 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。

　　2） 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。例如：

　　Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但總不能讓人滿意。

　　though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。

　　14.7 其他部分倒裝

　　1） so… that so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：

　　So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

　　2）

　　May you all be happy. 愿你們都快樂(lè)。

　　3） were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should

　　Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的話，就再試一次。

　　1）Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

　　A. man did know　 B. man knew　 C. didn't man know　 D. did man know

　　D.　否定詞Not在句首，要求用部分倒裝的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　2）Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.　

　　A. didn't I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didn't realize　D. I realize

　　答案為B。

　　3） Do you know Tom bought a new car?

　　I don't know, ___.

　　A. nor don't I care　 B. nor do I care　

　　C. I don't care neither　D. I don't care also

　　B. 句中的nor引出部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句，表示前一情況的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

　　14.8 倒裝練習(xí)

　　1.Only when you have obtained sufficient data ______ come to a sound conclusion.

　　a. can you

　　b. you can

　　c. would you

　　d. you would

　　2.______ that this region was so rich in natural resources.

　　a. Little he knew

　　b. Little did he know

　　c. Little he did know

　　d. Little he had known

　　3.Never again ______ political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.

　　a. Alfred E. Smith seriously sought

　　b. seriously Alfred E. Smith sought

　　c. when did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek

　　d. did Alfred E. Smith seriously seek

　　4.Only in recent years ______ begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.

　　a. people have

　　b. since people have

　　c. have people

　　d. people who have

　　5._______, we were not going to make any concessions to his unreasonable demands.

　　a. What may come

　　b. Come what may

　　c. May what come

　　d. What come

　　6.Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ______ his head.

　　a. that he turned

　　b. did he turn

　　c. he didn’t turn

　　d. he had turned

　　7.______ received law degrees as today.

　　a. Never so women have

　　b. The women aren’t ever

　　c. Women who have never

　　d. Never have so many women

　　8.Heat does not travel by convection in solid, because the solid does not move, ______.

　　a. so does a liquid

　　b. so a liquid does

　　c. as does a liquid

　　d. so is a liquid

　　9.On no account ______ to anyone.

　　a. my name must be mentioned

　　b. must my name mention

　　c. must my name be mentioned

　　d. my name must mention

　　10. ______ that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.

　　a. Such construction robots are clever

　　b. So clever the construction robots are

　　c. So clever are the construction robots

　　d. Such clever construction robots are

　　11.______ do we go for picnics.

　　a. Certainly

　　b. Sometimes

　　c. Seldom

　　d. Once

　　12.______ is it only the ignorant and ill-educated person who has such faith in the bottle of medicine.

　　a. Either

　　b. Often

　　c. Nor

　　d. Usually

　　13.Her

　　answer is not acceptable, and ______.

　　a. neither am I

　　b. either is mine

　　c. neither is mine

　　d. mine is neither

　　14.______, I must do another experiment.

　　a. Be it ever so late

　　b. It is ever so late

　　c. It be ever so late

　　d. So late it be ever

　　15.So fast ______ that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.

　　a. light travel

　　b. travels the light

　　c. do light travel

　　d. does light travel

　　16.A sneeze cannot be performed voluntarily, ______ be easily suppressed.

　　a. nor it can

　　b. nor can it

　　c. it cannot

　　d. and cannot it

　　17.______ notebook and report that I promised you last week.

　　a. Here is the

　　b. Here are the

　　c. Is here the

　　d. Are here the

　　18.______ a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.

　　a. If

　　he took

　　b. If he has taken

　　c. had he taken

　　d. Should he take

　　19.Beneath our feet ______ that our life depends on for food and clothing.

　　a. the earth lay

　　b. the earth lies

　　c. lie the earth

　　d. lies the earth

　　20._____ the beginning of the 19th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.

　　a. At

　　b. By

　　c. Up to

　　d. Not until

　　21.Hardly ______ he got out of the court ______ the reporters raised a lot of questions to him.

　　a. had … when

　　b. had…than

　　c. did…when

　　d. has…than

　　22.Among these books ______ a dictionary that his father gave him as a birthday present.

　　a. have included

　　b. is included

　　c. has included

　　d. are included

　　23.No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; ______ is this more true than in Europe.

　　a. nowhere

　　b. hardly

　　c. little

　　d. seldom

　　24.Important ______ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.

　　a. to

　　b. for

　　c. as

　　d. although

　　25.According to the periodic table, ______ still some elements undiscovered.

　　a. there seem to be

　　b. it seems

　　c. it seems to be

　　d. here seems

　　26.Here ______ you want to see.

　　a. the manager comes

　　b. comes the manager

　　c. comes a manager

　　d. is coming

　　a manager

　　27.Barry can hardly drive a car, ______.

　　a. so can’t Molly

　　b. can’t Molly either

　　c. Molly can’t too

　　d. neither can Molly

　　28._______ for the leadership of the Party, we should not have succeeded.

　　a. Had not it been

　　b. Had it not been

　　c. There was

　　d. Is there

　　29.______ no air or water, there would be no life in the world.

　　a. Were there

　　b. There are

　　c. There was

　　d. Is there

　　30.Not only ______ the data fed into it, but it can also analyze them.

　　a. the computer can memorize

　　b. can the computer memorize

　　c. do the computer memorize

　　d. can memorize the computer

　　31.Not once ______ his view of life.

　　a. did the gentleman mention

　　b. the gentleman mentioned that

　　c. the gentleman mentioned

　　d. does gentleman mentioned

　　32.By no means ______ their own language well.

　　a. it is true that all English people know

　　b. is it true that do all English people know

　　c. it is true that do all English people know

　　d. is it true that all English people know

　　33.The molecules of gases move more freely than ______.

　　a. do liquids and solids

　　b. liquids and solids do

　　c. do those of liquids and solids

　　d. those do of liquids and solids

　　34.The world’s birth rates are on a decline and ______ are the death rates.

　　a. so

　　b. also

　　c. too

　　d. the same

　　35._____ is the volume of chemical goods.

　　a. Constantly growing too

　　b. Too constantly growing

　　c. Growing constant to

　　d. Too growing constant

　　36.Many a time _______ me with my English study.