專題三　特殊句式及固定搭配 考點一 特殊句式 一、倒裝句 【典例1】 Only when he reached the tea-house he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year.? 答案及剖析:did　考查倒裝。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填助動詞did,構成倒裝句。句意:只有當他到達茶館時,他才意識到他去年也來過這家茶館。only修飾狀語從句when he reached the tea-house放在句首,主句要用部分倒裝語序,根據語境為一般過去時,所以填助動詞did。 【典例2】 At no time they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.? 答案及剖析:did　考查倒裝。分析句子結構可知,此處應該填助動詞did,構成倒裝句。句意:他們事實上根本沒有違反游戲規則,懲罰他們是不公平的。at no time意思是“絕不,根本不”。當含有否定詞的介詞短語位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝語序,根據語境為一般過去時,所以填助動詞did。 名師在線

　　(1)在英語中,把謂語全部放在主語之前的倒裝句,稱為完全倒裝句。常見

　　的完全倒裝句有以下幾種:

　　①在there引導的句子中,謂語是be,exist,live,lie等表示狀態的動詞

　　時,用完全倒裝句。

　　②地點狀語位于句首,主語為名詞且謂語為不及物動詞時,用完全倒裝句。

　　③作表語的形容詞、分詞或介詞短語置于句首時,用完全倒裝句。

　　④表示地點和動作轉移的副詞,如:here,there,up,down,in,away,out等置

　　于句首且主語是名詞時,句子用完全倒裝。

　　注意:當主語是代詞時,不倒裝。如:

　　Here comes the bus./Here it comes. (2)在英語中,把助動詞、情態動詞或be動詞移到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。常見的部分

　　倒裝句有以下幾種:

　　①當so/neither/nor位于句首時,可將其后的部分謂語置于主語之前,構成部分

　　倒裝。

　　②“only+狀語/狀語從句”位于句首時,主句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。

　　③表示否定意義的副詞或介詞短語放在句首時要部分倒裝。此類副詞或介詞短語

　　主要有not,little,hardly,never,by no means,on no condition,in no case,

　　nowhere,seldom,nor等。

　　④在含有had/were/should的虛擬條件句中,可以省略if,將 had/were/should放在

　　主語之前,構成部分倒裝。

　　⑤hardly...when...,no sooner...than...,not only...but also...等引導兩個

　　分句,且hardly,no sooner,not only等提到句首時,前一個分句用部分倒裝,后

　　一個分句不變。

　　⑥在so...that...句式中,如果so引導的部分位于句首,主句中的主語和謂語需要

　　部分倒裝。

　　⑦as/though引導的讓步狀語從句中,將表語置于句首構成部分倒裝。 二、強調句型 【典例3】It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.? 答案及剖析:that　本題考查強調句型。分析句子結構可知,此處構成not until的強調句型,應填that。句意:直到將近信的結尾她才提到自己的計劃。本題為強調句型,被強調部分為not until near the end of the letter。原句為:She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.。 【典例4】 was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.? 答案及剖析:It　考查強調句型中it的用法。根據語境可知,此處構成強調句型,應填代詞it。句意:正是在當地導游的幫助下,這個登山者才得以獲救。 名師在線

　　強調句型的基本結構為:It is/was+被強調部分+that/who...。在這個句型中,it沒有詞匯意義,只是引出被強調的成分。如果被強調的成分是表示人的詞,用who或that來連接都可以。如果是其他成分,則一律用that來連接。被強調部分錯綜復雜,容易與其他從句混淆。區分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉,如果句子成立,且句意通順,就是強調句型,否則就不是強調句型。如:It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉It is和that/who,還原為Jane has been living in London since she left China.作為句子完全成立,由此可以判斷該句為強調句型。 使用強調句型的幾個注意事項: (1)被強調成分是主語,who/that之后的謂語動詞應該在人稱和數上與原句中的主語保持

　　一致。

　　It is I who am right.

　　對的是我。

　　It is he who is wrong.

　　錯的是他。

　　It is the students who are lovely.

　　可愛的是學生們。 (2)被強調成分即使是在句子中作時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語等,也不能用when,where,

　　because,而要用that。

　　It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his

　　research work again.

　　正是在戰后愛因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。

　　It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed.

　　那位女士是在銀行前面遭遇搶劫的。

　　It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.

　　他是因為下大雨來晚的。

　　(3)被強調成分是作主語的代詞時用主格,是作賓語的代詞時用賓格。

　　It was he that helped me yesterday.

　　昨天是他幫助了我。

　　It was me that he helped yesterday.

　　他昨天幫助的是我。 (4)被強調部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用who。

　　It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking

　　about.

　　他們談論的是他們記得的人和事。 易混易錯 強調句型與主語從句、狀語從句、定語從句的區別 1.強調句型與主語從句的比較

　　強調句型將句子中的it is/was與that/who同時省去,句子仍然成立;

　　而包含主語從句的句子用that從句代替it,句子成立。如:

　　It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.

　　你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。

　　(本句若將It was 及that同時省去為:You met Li Lei’s brother in

　　the street yesterday.句子同樣成立,因此本句是強調句型。)

　　It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up ShenzhouⅩ.

　　我們成功地發射了神舟十號這件事情真令人興奮。(本句若將It is 及

　　that同時省去為:We have succeeded exciting in sending up

　　Shenzhou Ⅹ.顯然句子錯誤,因此,本句不是強調句型,that引導主語從

　　句,it是形式主語。) 2.強調句型與定語從句的比較

　　強調句型中的it沒有實際意義,it is/was與that/who去掉后句子結構仍

　　然完整。但定語從句中的it be和作主語的that去掉后句子結構不完整。 3.強調句型與狀語從句的比較

　　強調句型中的it is/was與that/who同時省去,句子仍然成立;而包含狀語

　　從句的句子it是主語。如:

　　It was 8 o’clock when they went home.

　　他們回家時是8點。

　　(句中代詞it作主語,指代時間,when引導時間狀語從句)

　　It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.

　　他們是在8點回家的。

　　(at 8 o’clock是被強調部分,本句是強調句型) 【變式訓練】 完成句子 1.It was at midnight I got back home yesterday.?

　　It was midnight I got back home yesterday.? 2.It was in 1998 he was in middle school.?

　　It was in 1998, he was in middle school.? 3.It was two years ago I began to learn English.?

　　It is two years I began to learn English.? 答案:1.that;when　2.that;when　3.that;since 三、祈使句 【典例5】 (knock) at the door before you enter my room, please.? 答案及剖析:Knock　考查祈使句。分析句子成分可知,空格前沒有主語,后面有before引導的時間狀語從句,由此可判斷,此處構成祈使句,所以填knock。 【典例6】 Work hard you will fail the exam.? 答案及剖析:or　根據語境可知,此處構成常用句型“祈使句+and/or you will/won’t...”。根據句意“努力學習,否則你會考試不及格的”可知,用or。 四、狀語從句中句子成分的省略 【典例7】 When (ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.? 答案及剖析:asked　考查省略及非謂語動詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處是由When he was asked for his views about his teaching job省略he和was變化而來,所以填提示詞的過去分詞形式,表被動。句意:當被問及他對他的教學工作有何看法時,菲利普說他覺得很有趣,值得做。 【典例8】Unless (invite),he won’t come to the party. 答案及剖析:invited　考查省略及非謂語動詞的用法。根據語境可知,此處是由Unless he is invited省略he和is變化而來,所以填提示詞的過去分詞形式,表被動。句意:除非受到邀請,否則他不會來參加聚會。 名師在線

　　在以when,while,if,though(although),as,whether,once等連詞引導的時間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中,如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it,而且從句的謂語又包含be動詞時,可以省略從句中“主語+be動詞”部分。 易混易錯

　　狀語從句的省略條件 狀語從句的省略是常見的考點,在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中最為常見。如: If (it is ) possible,I will go with him to the Sahara Desert. 如果有可能,我就和他一塊去撒哈拉大沙漠。 The girl is better,though (she is) not yet cured. 女孩好點了,不過仍未痊愈。 If (you are) asked,you may come in. 如果被叫到,你可以進來。 【變式訓練】 完成句子 1.It was a nice meal, (盡管

　　有點兒貴).? 2.Generally speaking, .

　　(按照說明書服用的話),the drug has no side

　　effect. 答案:1.though (it was) a little expensive　2.when (it is) taken according to the instructions 考點二 固定搭配 1.常見詞組

　　as a matter of fact,be proud of,by the way,come from,according to,

　　congratulate...on...,devote...to...,earn one’s living,keep one’s word,make

　　up one’s mind,be concerned about...,catch up with...,keep an eye on...,

　　concentrate on...等。 2.特殊固定用法

　　keep...doing sth.,prevent...from doing...,like doing...,need doing,feel like

　　doing,get sth.done,have sth.done,have sb.doing/do sth.,enjoy doing,succeed in

　　doing等。 3.常用句型

　　so/such...that...,It is...(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.,There is no doubt/need

　　that...,There is no sense in doing sth.,neither...nor,either...or,It’s ( high)

　　time that sb.did/should do sth.,It is no good/use doing sth.,not only...but

　　also...,It is/was the first (second) time that sb.has done/had done sth.,It is

　　no wonder that...等。 【典例1】 When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the night.(2024新課標全國Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:to cool;at　根據語境可知,第一空處應該用動詞不定式,構成adj./adv.+enough to do結構,所以第一空填to cool;根據語境可知,第二空填介詞at,構成短語at the same time,表示“同時”。 【典例2】Keep (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.(2024遼寧) 答案及剖析:holding　根據語境可知,此處作動詞keep的賓語,構成固定搭配,keep doing sth.意思是“繼續做某事”因此填動詞-ing形式。 【典例3】 I had an unusual conversation with a woman about physical limitations.Nancy suffered a serious disease and she could no longer walk.? 答案及剖析:from　考查固定詞組suffer from,表示“患……疾病”。 【典例4】 It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2024新課標全國Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:to reduce　It takes/took (sb.)+...+to do sth.為固定句型,意思是“做某事花費(某人)多長時間”。所以此處填動詞不定式。 【典例5】 In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! ? 答案及剖析:harder　考查副詞比較級的用法。根據語境可知,此處構成固定句型the more...,the more...,表示“越……就越……”,因此填提示詞的比較級形式。 【典例6】 “Sir,you didn’t even ask the other riders for help, why? What I had said ‘no’ and left you there?”the horseman asked.? 答案及剖析:if　考查固定句型What if...?表示“要是……將會怎么樣?” 名師在線

　　特殊句型結構及固定搭配在語法填空中主要考查對其掌握的熟悉程度,所以我們要善于積累,牢記固定搭配和特殊句型,答題時注意固定搭配的介詞、名詞、動詞的形式和特殊句型的形式主語、連接詞及相應時態的運用等。 代詞it在特殊句型中非常活躍,所以考生需要特別注意包含it的常用句型: (1)用在動詞 like,love,dislike,hate,appreciate等后作賓語。如:

　　I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.

　　我討厭人們滿嘴食物說話。 (2)作形式主語或形式賓語

　　①用于“It is+adj./n.+不定式或動詞-ing形式或that從句”中。如:

　　It is certain that he will succeed.他一定會成功。

　　②用于“It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 從句”中。如:

　　It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.

　　我突然想起我應該向警方求助。 ③用于“It looks as if/as though...”中。如:

　　It looks as if we’re going to miss the plane.

　　似乎我們要誤了班機了。 ④用于“It is+過去分詞+that從句”中。如:

　　It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University.

　　人們相信他將被北京大學錄取。 ⑤用于“think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或動詞-ing形式或 that從

　　句”中。如:

　　I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.

　　我通常每天步行兩英里路。 ⑥用于 take it for granted that...,bring it to one’s attention

　　that...,see to it that...等句型中。如:

　　We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.

　　我們認為在餐館里水免費飲用是理所當然的事情。

　　(3)構成特定句型

　　①It is/has been...since...

　　It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much.

　　將近有十年時間他沒這么高興過了。

　　②It was (not)/will(not) be...before...

　　It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.

　　不久他就感受到此處的危險。

　　③It is sb.’s turn to do sth.

　　It’s my turn to look after the baby.輪到我看孩子了。 體驗真題 (2024 遼寧)

　　閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。 Jonny:Hey!I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太極).Would you like to join me? Peter:I know nothing about it.Is it difficult? Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this. Peter:OK.Don’t laugh 61. me.I may look funny.? Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and 62.　.

　　　(soft).Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and

　　don’t let your body shake.? Peter:I cannot control my body well.My legs become 63.(pain).? Jonny:Keep 64.(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let 65. stay in the air for seconds.? Peter:I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer. Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi 66.(call)“shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well 67. strong.In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the

　　strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The 68.(hard) you try

　　to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! ? Peter:Unbelievable!Oh...,69. you don’t mind,I’ll stop and take a deep 70..? 答案及剖析: 61.at　考查介詞的用法。此處構成短語laugh at,意思是“嘲笑”。

　　62.softly　考查派生詞的用法。并列連詞and連接兩個相同詞性的詞,由此可知,此處和naturally并列,修飾動詞,在句中作狀語,因此填提示詞的副詞形式softly。

　　63.painful　考查派生詞的用法。此處在句中作表語,應填提示詞的形容詞形式painful。

　　64.holding　考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處作動詞keep的賓語。keep doing sth.意思是“繼續做某事”。

　　65.it　考查代詞的用法。此處指代上文的your leg,在句中作賓語,因此填it。