主謂一致考點分析

　　考點一、考查主語和謂語形式或意義上的一致

　　(一) 當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、(疑問詞+)to do結(jié)構(gòu)、動詞-ing形式、主語從句、復(fù)合不定代詞、表單位數(shù)量的時間、距離、金錢、重量、復(fù)數(shù)形式的學(xué)科名詞(physics, politics)、國家或組織名稱(the United States, the United Nations)等，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。

　　提示：what引導(dǎo)的主語從句所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (如：What we need are good doctors.　我們需要的是好醫(yī)生。)　

　　如果強調(diào)數(shù)目，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：More than twenty years have passed since we graduated. 我們畢業(yè)后已經(jīng)過了二十多年。

　　【考例1】

　　All the scientific evidence _____ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _____ damaging our health. (2024湖南)

　　A. show; are

　　B. shows; are

　　C. show; is

　　D. shows; is

　　解析：D。evidence與use在句中均為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　【考例2】

　　Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2024安徽)

　　A. keeps

　　B. keep

　　C. have kept

　　D. had kept

　　解析：A。Walmart屬于專有名詞，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

　　(二) 在“名詞／代詞＋介賓結(jié)構(gòu)＋謂語＋……”結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞與名詞／代詞保持一致，介賓結(jié)構(gòu)看作修飾成分。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的常見介詞及短語介詞有with／together with／along with／as well as／like／rather than／but／except／besides / including / in addition to等。

　　【考例】

　　The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2024 Taipei Flower Expo. (2024福建)

　　A. were invited

　　B. was invited

　　C. have been invited

　　D. has been invited

　　解析：B。主語為The famous musician，as well as…起修飾作用，根據(jù)2024 Taipei Flower Expo可知，描述的是過去的事，因此用一般過去時。

　　(三) “all／a lot／plenty／part／the rest／most /分數(shù)/百分數(shù)＋of＋名詞／代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般取決于of后的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。表示復(fù)數(shù)概念用復(fù)數(shù)動詞，表示單數(shù)概念用單數(shù)動詞。

　　【考例1】

　　The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　解析：D。which指代前面的the raw materials，為復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。本句描述過去的事情，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時。

　　【考例2】

　　One-third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people. (2011湖南)

　　A. is; are

　　B. is; is

　　C. are; are

　　D. are; is

　　解析： A。the majority of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　(四)a number of／an average of／a total of等+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而the number of／the average of／the total of等+名詞構(gòu)成短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；

　　“a great(large)／small number of，many，a few，few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　a little， little, much， a great deal of， a large amount of一般只修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(如：A great deal of petrol is wasted. )

　　【考例1】

　　The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _____ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山東)

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　解析：C。本句的主語為The number of…結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　【考例2】

　　Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, ____ in the clothing industry. (2005遼寧)

　　A. is working

　　B. works

　　C. work

　　D. worked

　　解析：C。句中a large number of…作主語，意為“大量的……”。

　　(五)“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但“one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后接定語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而在“the only/ right/ very one of＋名詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋從句謂語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　【考例1】

　　Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who ____ evening dress. (2010全國Ⅱ)

　　A. wear

　　B. wears

　　C. has worn

　　D. have worn

　　解析：B。從句先行詞為the only one of the women，從句謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

　　【考例2】

　　At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport ____ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. will be

　　D. was

　　解析：A。該句是one of...結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)主語。

　　(六) pairs of／amounts of／quantities of...等構(gòu)成短語作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； a pair of(表示一雙，一條時)／an amount of / a series of構(gòu)成短語作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。

　　【考例1】

　　— Why does the lake smell terrible?

　　— Because large quantities of water _____. (2009福建)

　　A. have polluted

　　B. is being polluted

　　C. has been polluted D. have been polluted

　　解析： D。該句是quantities of構(gòu)成的短語作主語，所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　【考例2】

　　As a result of destroying the forests, a large ____ of desert ____ covered the land. (2001上海)

　　A. number; has

　　B. quantity; has

　　C. number; have

　　D. quantity; have

　　解析：B。 a number of后通常接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，該句desert是不可數(shù)名詞, a large quantity of后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞；a quantity of后面加的desert為不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　(七)

　　and連接并列主語表示同一概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，表示不同概念時謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　【考例1】

　　A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江蘇)

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　解析：A。句意：一位詩人兼藝術(shù)家明天下午要給我們做關(guān)于中國文學(xué)和繪畫的報告。該題由and連接兩個名詞作主語，但第二個名詞前沒有冠詞，因此指的是同一人，故謂語用單數(shù)形式。注意：由and連接的兩個帶冠詞單數(shù)名詞，表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如： The tenth and the last chapter were written by his father.

　　【考例2】

　　Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. (2007浙江)

　　A. hasn’t been decided

　　B. haven’t decided

　　C. isn’t being decided

　　D. aren’t decided

　　解析：A。 when and where指的是“做講座的時間和地點”這一個概念，可用單數(shù)形式。由yet可知應(yīng)用完成時態(tài)。

　　【注意】如表示不同的概念，則要用復(fù)數(shù)。如：When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.

　　(八) cattle／police／people／clothes／goods以及復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　(九)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常根據(jù)句意來確定。常見的這類詞有deer / fish / means / sheep / species / works等。如： All means have been tried. 各種手段都試過了。 One means is still to be tried. 還有一種手段尚待一試。

　　(十)主語是集合名詞family / government / public / audience等，表示強調(diào)整體時謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如強調(diào)個體謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　考點二、謂語動詞的形式與鄰近的名詞一致

　　(一) either…or…／neither…nor…／not only…but also…／not…but…/or等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)由最靠近它的主語決定；

　　(二)在倒裝句中，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語決定。

　　【考例1】

　　Either you or one of your students ____ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. (2009湖南)

　　A. are

　　B. is

　　C. have

　　D. be

　　解析：B。該句主語由either…or…連接，根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動詞與one of your students保持一致。

　　【考例2】

　　—Is everyone here?

　　—Not yet... Look, there _____ the rest of our guests! (2010江蘇)

　　A. come

　　B. comes

　　C. is coming

　　D. are coming

　　解析：A。 此倒裝句中，謂語動詞單復(fù)數(shù)由其后面的主語the rest of our guests決定。 D項形式為“進行”，實際表示“將來”，不符合題意。

　　考點三、常見固定格式的主語

　　(一) 由each...and (each)..., every...and (every)..., many a ...and (many a )..., no... and (no)...等結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　【考例】

　　— Did you go to the show last night?

　　— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ____invited. (2008陜西)

　　A. were

　　B. have been

　　C. has been

　　D. was

　　解析：D。 and連接并列名詞并且被every等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。該句描述過去的事情，所以用一般過去時。

　　(二) many a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞及more than one＋單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；而more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋than＋one作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； a + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

　　如： One or two reasons were suggested. 提出了一兩條理由。

　　A day or two is enough. 一兩天就夠了。

　　【考例】

　　It is reported that many a new house ____ at present in the disaster area. (2010陜西)

　　A. are being built

　　B. were being built

　　C. was being built

　　D. is being built

　　解析：D。many a修飾主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。再根據(jù)at present可知“正在被修建”，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。

　　主謂一致專練

　　1. Look! A large number of students _____ in the playground.

　　A. run

　　B. runs

　　C. is running

　　D. are running

　　2. It is not you or Tom but Alice that _____ to give us a speech about how to learn English well next Wednesday.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. will be

　　D. have

　　3. We each _____ a bicycle, but most of us _____ use it frequently.

　　A. have; don’t

　　B. has; don’t

　　C. have; doesn’t

　　D. has; doesn’t

　　4. My father, together with some of his old friends, _____ talking in the study for 3 hours.

　　A. are

　　B. were

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　5. As a result of the dry weather this year, most of the people in the area _____ for drinking water.

　　A. need looking B. needs to look

　　C. needs looking

　　D. need to look

　　6. The man dancing with his wife now is the only one of the clerks in his office who _____invited to the palace ball.

　　A. has

　　B. have been

　　C. has been

　　D. have

　　7. Every boy and every girl in this school _____ an extra course according to their own interests this term.

　　A. has chosen B. have chosen

　　C. is chosen

　　D. are chosen

　　8. So far, not only the workers but also the machine _____ worn out after working day and night for 10 days.

　　A. has been B. have been

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　9. A recent report of the media _____ that some of the top students in Beijing _____ chosen to go to universities in Hong Kong.

　　A. show; have

　　B. shows; has

　　C. show; has

　　D. shows; have

　　10. Between the two buildings _____ a monument which is in honor of the dead heroes during the Anti-Japanese War.

　　A. is standing B. are standing

　　C. stands

　　D. stand

　　11. It was reported that six tourists, including one from the US, _____ in the accident.

　　A. has injured B. have injured

　　C. were injured

　　D. was injured

　　12. One of Marx’s works _____ written in English in the 1860s.

　　A. are

　　B. would be

　　C. were

　　D. was

　　13. Generally speaking, being hard-working _____ just what it takes for you to be successful in your career.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. were

　　14. Nobody but your own father and mother _____ always waiting for you to go home for supper.

　　A. are

　　B. have been

　　C. were

　　D. is

　　15. All means _____ been tried but the young are still crazy about violence and destruction, and thus the police _____ to use arms.

　　A. have; has B. has; has

　　C. have; have

　　D. has; have

　　16. The professor and writer _____ going to give a lecture this afternoon, so the assistant and the secretary _____ busy preparing now.

　　A. are; are

　　B. are; is

　　C. is; are

　　D. is; is

　　17. Over 80 percent of the cattle raised in this country _____ exported to the rest of the world.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has

　　D. have

　　18. — John, there are only two students in the classroom. Where _____ the rest?

　　— I don’t know.

　　A. have been B. has been

　　C. are

　　D. is

　　19. The eco-system of this river has been totally destroyed because large quantities of polluted water _____ poured into it every day.

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. was

　　D. would be

　　20. The United Nations _____ after World War ?òto solve the international problems and conflicts in a peaceful way.