定語從句考點分析

　　考點一、關系代詞與關系副詞的辨析及基本用法

　　【考例1】

　　That evening, ______ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. (2024全國II)

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. when

　　解析：B。which引導非限制性定語從句，That evening，whichabout的賓語，“以后我會告訴你更多關于那天晚上的事”。從句缺少的是賓語，而不是時間狀語，因此D項錯誤。

　　【考例2】

　　We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. (2024浙江)

　　A. why

　　B. when

　　C. to whom D. on which

　　解析：B。when引導的定語從句修飾先行詞age。

　　考點二、“介詞＋關系代詞”引導的定語從句

　　“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中，介詞主要根據三個方面來確定：與定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞等的搭配、與先行詞的介詞搭配、定語從句所表達的意義。關系代詞要與先行詞對應，并符合從句所表達的意義。 如：

　　Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. (return to)

　　Yesterday we had a meeting at which we discussed many problems. (at the meeting)

　　Air, without which man can’t live, is really important. (without air)

　　：；，

　　(一) 簡單介詞+關系代詞

　　【考例】

　　Care of the soul is a gradual process _______ even the small details of life should be considered. (2024湖南)

　　A. what

　　B. in what

　　C. which

　　D. in which

　　解析：D。in which引導定語從句，whichprocess。介詞in與process搭配。

　　(二) 簡單介詞+關系代詞+名詞

　　【考例1】

　　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far. (2024天津)

　　A. who

　　B. whose

　　C. whom

　　D. which

　　解析：B。without whose help意為“如果沒有他的幫助”。

　　【考例2】

　　Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ______ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union. (2005重慶)

　　A. during which time

　　B. for which time

　　C. during whose time

　　D. by that time

　　解析：A。during which time在那段時間內(指1999年到2003年的那段時間內)。

　　【考例3】

　　Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. (2005天津)

　　A. that

　　B. whose

　　C. those

　　D. what

　　解析：B。suffer from遭受……之苦，from在句中置于關系代詞前面，whose effects指洪水的影響。

　　(三) the+名詞+of+關系代詞

　　該結構表示所屬關系，口語中常用“whose +名詞”代替；有時還采用“of which +(the)+名詞”結構。

　　【考例1】

　　She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years. (2011江西)

　　A. for which

　　B. with which

　　C. of which

　　D. to which

　　解析：C。從句中the construction of which指的是“博物館的建造”。

　　【考例2】

　　For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ New York is an example. (2008四川)

　　A. for which

　　B. in which

　　C. of which

　　D. from which

　　解析：C。從句還原后為 New York is an example of many cities。an example of…是……的例子。

　　(四) 表示部分的詞語＋of＋關系代詞

　　表示部分的詞語常見的有：不定代詞、數詞(+名詞)、the +最高級/比較級，以及表示量的詞語many, most, few, several, enough等。有時為了行文的需要，也可把表示部分的詞放在關系代詞的后面。

　　【考例1】

　　Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television series. (2024山東)

　　A. them

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　解析：C。both of which引導定語從句，which指代two novels。

　　【考例2】

　　In our class there are 46 students, ______ half wear glasses. (2024四川)

　　A. in whom

　　B. in them

　　C. of whom

　　D. of them

　　解析：C。whom指代先行詞46 students，表示部分的詞half放在關系代詞的后面。

　　注： 關系副詞where, when, why在意義上都相當于一個“介詞+which”的結構。即：when= in / at / on / during which, where = in / at / on /from which, why = for which。

　　考點三、as引導的非限制性定語從句

　　as引導非限制性定語從句的常用結構有：as we / you know / can see / expect …， as usually happens/is often the case或被動結構as is said /known / announced / reported / mentioned / expected /discussed等。

　　【考例1】

　　_____ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. (2024陜西)

　　A. It

　　B. That

　　C. What

　　D. As

　　解析：D。As is often the case…“事情常常是這樣的，常是如此”。as在句中引導定語從句。

　　【考例2】

　　The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. (2024福建)

　　A. that

　　B. it

　　C. as

　　D. what

　　解析：C。as is shown in the report正如報告中所顯示的那樣。

　　考點四、where, when引導的定語從句

　　(一) 近年高考試題中對于where的考查趨于復雜化，除了表地點用where外，當先行詞是case, point, position, stage, situation, business, activity等表示某人/物的情況、某事發展的階段、某事的某個方面等“抽象地點”名詞，且定語從句中缺少狀語時，引導詞常用where。

　　【考例】

　　Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills. (2024重慶)

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　解析：D。position意為“職位”，表示抽象地點。

　　(二) when引導定語從句時，先行詞是表示時間的詞(有時為抽象名詞，如occasion, stay等)。

　　【考例】

　　Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream. (2011江蘇)

　　A. when

　　B. where

　　C. that

　　D. which

　　解析：A。when在此表示前面所提到的“休息時間”。

　　(三) when, where在定語從句中可分別起到代替副詞then, there的作用。可用定語從句替換并列句，即since /until/by when = and since/until/by then；from where = and from there。

　　【考例1】

　　Jane is back in May, by ______ the new house should be finished. (2008四川延考區)

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. whom

　　D. when

　　解析：D。by when在此之前。

　　【考例2】

　　The book was written in 1946, ______ the education system has witnessed great changes. (2007山東)

　　A. when

　　B. during which

　　C. since then

　　D. since when

　　解析：D。從句中使用了現在完成時，因此應選since when，意為“自……以后”。

　　考點五、分隔定語從句

　　定語從句和先行詞常常被其它成分分隔，干擾了句子結構的判斷，從而給辨別從句帶來一定的難度。

　　【考例】

　　Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. (2024浙江)

　　A. which

　　B. who

　　C. where

　　D. whom

　　解析：B。定語從句缺少主語，who引導的定語從句修飾a painter，并在從句中作主語。

　　考點六、定語從句關系代詞的省略

　　【考例】

　　The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009江西)

　　A. in it

　　B. in

　　C. in that

　　D. in which

　　解析：B。題干中The house后省略了在從句中作介詞賓語的關系代詞that或which(作in的賓語)。

　　考點七、定語從句與強調句的辨析

　　【考例】

　　It was only after he had read the papers _____ Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. (2024課標2)

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　解析：B。考查強調句型。強調狀語only after…。

　　A. the one

　　B. one

　　C. in which

　　D. /

　　2. How many students are there in your class _____ relatives were killed in the earthquake?

　　A. whose

　　B. who

　　C. whom

　　D. which

　　3. They stayed with me for three weeks, _____ they drank all the wine I had.

　　A. which

　　B. which time

　　C. during which time D. during that time

　　4. He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, _____ his father expected.

　　A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was

　　D. which was what

　　5. Nowadays, many people tend to eat a lot but take little exercise, _____ they fall ill easily.

　　A. in which B. at which

　　C. in case which

　　D. as a result of which

　　6. The young man learned the techniques in Beijing, _____ he went back to his hometown and set up a factory.

　　A. after which

　　B. after that

　　C. in which

　　D. in that

　　7. He may have to go to hospital, _____ he won抰 be going on holiday.

　　A. where

　　B. in which b

　　C. in which case

　　D. in that case

　　8. The thought of having a big meal at home was all _____ kept him happy while he was on the bus.

　　A. that

　　B. what

　　C. those

　　D. which

　　9. Who is the woman _____ is sweeping the floor over there?

　　A. which

　　B. /

　　C. that

　　D. when

　　10. The foreign guests, _____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.

　　A. most of them B. most of whom C. most of that

　　D. most of those

　　11. The expected results _____ Zhu Zhiwen had worked hard seemed hopeful to him.

　　A. after which

　　B. for which

　　C. with which

　　D. at which

　　12. All of us want very much to read these recommended novels, especially _____ you referred to just now.

　　A. as

　　B. which

　　C. the one

　　D. that

　　13. The English play _____ the famous actor acted was a great success.

　　A. for which

　　B. at which

　　C. in which

　　D. on which

　　14. I enjoyed the pictures of the river and they brought back the old days _____ I swam in it.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. who

　　D. where

　　15. We have eight managers in our company, and five of _____ are in their twenties.

　　A. them

　　B. whom

　　C. who

　　D. which

　　16. The place _____ the hotel is supposed to be built should be _____ the traffic is the most convenient.

　　A. which; where

　　B. at which; where

　　C. at which; which

　　D. which; in which

　　17. We hope that the measures to control the high prices of houses, _____ are taken by the government, will work.

　　A. that

　　B. where

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　18. Smoking is a bad habit, _____ you should get rid of.

　　A. it

　　B. that

　　C. why

　　D. one

　　19. By 16:30, _____ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. (2024江西)

　　A. which

　　B. when

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　20. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. (2024江蘇)

　　A. which

　　B. who

　　C. where

　　D. what

　　21. I can remember very few occasions _____ he had to ask for leave because of ill health.

　　A. who

　　B. which

　　C. why

　　D. when

　　22. People who were injured or _____ houses were destroyed in the earthquake were in urgent need of help.

　　A. what

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　23. In many cases, Westerners don’t understand body language the way _____.

　　A. we do them B. we do

　　C. which we do

　　D. where we do

　　24. It was from some simple raw materials, such as wood and steel, which he bought from the market _____ my father made such elegant chairs.

　　A. where

　　B. that

　　C. when

　　D. which

　　25. This is a subject _____ we might argue for a long while.

　　A. of which

　　B. with which

　　C. about which

　　D. into which

　　26. During my stay there, my friend showed me around the city, _____ was very kind of him.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. where

　　D. it

　　27. It has been raining since the morning, _____ prevents me from going to the park.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. it

　　28. My friend tells me that the doctor _____ is leaving for Shanghai next month.

　　A. the nurse is talking to him

　　B. whom the nurse is talking

　　C. the nurse is talking to

　　D. who the nurse is talking

　　29. Barbara went back to the US a couple of months ago, by _____ time she had learned some Chinese folk dance.

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. what

　　D. whose

　　30. There was _____ time _____ this style of dress was popular with young girls.

　　A. a; that

　　B. a; when

　　C. the; that

　　D. the; when