2024屆牛津英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)課件 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.
— It's 4331577.
A. didn't
B. couldn't
C. don't
D. can't 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選C，認(rèn)為此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在“沒(méi)聽(tīng)清對(duì)方的話(huà)”。其實(shí)，答案應(yīng)選A，根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境“請(qǐng)把你的電話(huà)號(hào)碼再說(shuō)一遍好嗎？”，可知“沒(méi)聽(tīng)清對(duì)方的電話(huà)號(hào)碼”應(yīng)是在說(shuō)此話(huà)以前，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 9. — Please don't make a noise.
— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I do
B. No, I don't
C. Yes, I will
D. No, I won't 【解析】選D。有的同學(xué)由于受前一句don't 的影響，認(rèn)為下文的答句應(yīng)選A或B，這些同學(xué)主要是忽略了上文的真實(shí)語(yǔ)境： 上文是一個(gè)祈使句，而祈使句表示的時(shí)間應(yīng)是“將來(lái)”，這從空格后的 I'll be…這個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)也可看出。另外，從 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 這一語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，此題的最佳答案應(yīng)選D而不選C。No, I won't. 為 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.
A. was
B. had been
C. would be
D. would have been 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選B或D，認(rèn)為前句用了had hoped，所以此句謂語(yǔ)要用B或D與之呼應(yīng)。正確答案為A。前一句謂語(yǔ)用had hoped，表示的是過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說(shuō)“我太忙”，這是陳述過(guò)去的一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第5講
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，而湖南高考要求考生掌握10種時(shí)態(tài)，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)以及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Ⅰ. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 23)
A. has shown
B. is showing
C. shows
D. showed 【解析】選 C。此處是直接引語(yǔ)。句子的內(nèi)容是生活哲理，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意： 奶奶過(guò)去常常說(shuō)： “人生就像在雪中行走，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉伎吹靡?jiàn)(留下了你的足跡)。” 考點(diǎn)2：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
【解析】選D。句意：自從我來(lái)了這所學(xué)校以后，這是我聽(tīng)過(guò)的最有教育意義的一場(chǎng)講座。這里考查了定語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)榍懊娴闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is，并且談?wù)摰氖菑倪^(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。 考點(diǎn)3：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí) — That must have been a long trip.
— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking 【解析】選C 。 根據(jù)上句must have been可知trip發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此第二句選用一般過(guò)去時(shí)took。句意：——那一定是一次漫長(zhǎng)的旅行。——是啊，我們花了整整一星期才到達(dá)那兒。 考點(diǎn)4：過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山東卷 28)
A. had started
B. has started
C. started
D. starts
【解析】選 C。 根據(jù)前半句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知后半句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，這樣才能符合“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這一條件。句意： Jack發(fā)了幾封電子郵件之后，他才開(kāi)始研究他的項(xiàng)目。 考點(diǎn)5：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全國(guó)大綱卷18)
A. has told
B. is telling
C. has been telling
D. will have told 【解析】選 C。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示： 過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束或還在進(jìn)行。句意： 經(jīng)理從早上9點(diǎn)開(kāi)始就一直在不停地告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意選C。 考點(diǎn)6：一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陜西卷 24)
A. fly
B. will fly
C. will be flying
D. am flying
【解析】選C。根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的two o'clock和應(yīng)答句中的by then可知所填詞表示的動(dòng)作在將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，選C。 Ⅱ. 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1：注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式
They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)
A. is being rebuilt
B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt
D. has rebuilt 【解析】選A。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為： 他們現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)和父母一起居住，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟ā８鶕?jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，且house與動(dòng)詞rebuilt之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)2：“get＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·遼寧卷 35)
A. get paid
B. got paid
C. have paid
D. had been paid 【解析】選A。句意： 媽媽?zhuān)芊窠鑾酌涝o我，星期五發(fā)工資后還給你。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，get paid相當(dāng)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)3：不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重慶卷 27)
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out 【解析】選B。分析題干語(yǔ)境可知，食品供應(yīng)即將耗盡。run out為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能使用被動(dòng)形式，由此可排除C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可以表示將來(lái)，符合題意。因此，正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形 例1：— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time.
A. done
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing 【解析】選B。“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示將來(lái)，且常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 考點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形 例2：This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·遼寧卷 29)
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate 【解析】選D。在句型“主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋to do”中，如果這個(gè)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞do的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，所以選D。 考點(diǎn)5: 雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it.
A. provided
B. supplied
C. offered
D. gave 【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價(jià)，開(kāi)價(jià)”講，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中。 考點(diǎn)6：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.
A. has laughed
B. has laughed at
C. has been laughed
D. has been laughed at 【解析】選D。由by短語(yǔ)可知該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而laugh at是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)7：不及物動(dòng)詞和有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我評(píng)估 【解析】選B。take place 為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即可排除A、C、D。 1. — You've left the light on.
— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.
A. I'll go
B. I've gone
C. I go
D. I'm going 易錯(cuò)題筆記 【解析】選A。此題的A和D不易分清，因?yàn)閮烧呔杀硎緦?lái)。will 和 be going to后接動(dòng)詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強(qiáng)弱之分，如果是事先考慮過(guò)的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過(guò)的，而是說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)刻才臨時(shí)想到的意圖，則用 will。比較：
— I've come out without any money.
——我沒(méi)帶錢(qián)出來(lái)。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.
——沒(méi)關(guān)系，我借給你。 (句中用will lend表示“借”錢(qián)給對(duì)方是臨時(shí)想到的，即聽(tīng)了對(duì)方的話(huà)后臨時(shí)作出的反應(yīng)) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我買(mǎi)了部打字機(jī)，我想學(xué)打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示說(shuō)話(huà)人“學(xué)打字”是事先準(zhǔn)備的，并為此買(mǎi)了臺(tái)打字機(jī)) 2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.
A. look
B. looking
C. looked
D. looks 【解析】選D。但B和C可能被誤選。此句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是 His wife sits by the window，由于句子主語(yǔ) his wife 帶有較復(fù)雜的修飾語(yǔ)，所以采用了倒裝語(yǔ)序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定語(yǔ)從句，其中dressed in black是插入語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填looks作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)。 3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from
B. was dated from
C. dates from
D. dated from 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選B或D，認(rèn)為句中用了 1688 這個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，又因?yàn)?date from 不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以只能選D。其實(shí)此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是C，因?yàn)?date from 的意思是“自某時(shí)起存在至今(＝have existed since)”，它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(盡管其后接的是表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間)，除非所談?wù)摰臇|西現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在，如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世紀(jì)建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。)(注意： 與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類(lèi)似用法。)
4. — Do you like the material?
— Yes, it ______ very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D，認(rèn)為應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其實(shí)，此題正確答案為C，因?yàn)?feel 在此為連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
6. — He will come tomorrow.
— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. will come
B. is coming
C. came
D. had come 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A或B，因?yàn)樯衔牡?He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。但實(shí)際上此題的最佳答案是 C，這與 would rather 的用法有關(guān)。按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去。又如：
I'd rather you went home now.
我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就回家。 I'd rather you hadn't done that.
我真希望你沒(méi)有做過(guò)那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把這件事告訴他了。”“但我倒寧愿你沒(méi)有告訴他。” “He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他將把你也帶上。”“但我倒寧愿不要帶我去。” 7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing 【解析】選D。這是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 這一句話(huà)的語(yǔ)境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)，但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”。有的同學(xué)可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但若選B，則句子前半部分的意思則為“史密斯先生去年寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)”，既然是“寫(xiě)了”，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”相矛盾。
8. — Your phone number again. I ______ quite catch it.
— It's 4331577.
A. didn't
B. couldn't
C. don't
D. can't 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選C，認(rèn)為此處要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，表示現(xiàn)在“沒(méi)聽(tīng)清對(duì)方的話(huà)”。其實(shí)，答案應(yīng)選A，根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境“請(qǐng)把你的電話(huà)號(hào)碼再說(shuō)一遍好嗎？”，可知“沒(méi)聽(tīng)清對(duì)方的電話(huà)號(hào)碼”應(yīng)是在說(shuō)此話(huà)以前，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。 9. — Please don't make a noise.
— ______. I'll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I do
B. No, I don't
C. Yes, I will
D. No, I won't 【解析】選D。有的同學(xué)由于受前一句don't 的影響，認(rèn)為下文的答句應(yīng)選A或B，這些同學(xué)主要是忽略了上文的真實(shí)語(yǔ)境： 上文是一個(gè)祈使句，而祈使句表示的時(shí)間應(yīng)是“將來(lái)”，這從空格后的 I'll be…這個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)也可看出。另外，從 I'll be as quiet as a mouse 這一語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，此題的最佳答案應(yīng)選D而不選C。No, I won't. 為 No, I won't make any noise.之省略。 10. I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I ______ too busy.
A. was
B. had been
C. would be
D. would have been 【解析】選A。此題容易誤選B或D，認(rèn)為前句用了had hoped，所以此句謂語(yǔ)要用B或D與之呼應(yīng)。正確答案為A。前一句謂語(yǔ)用had hoped，表示的是過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說(shuō)“我太忙”，這是陳述過(guò)去的一個(gè)事實(shí)，所以要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 第5講
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞有16種時(shí)態(tài)，而湖南高考要求考生掌握10種時(shí)態(tài)，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)以及現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 Ⅰ. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say, “because every step ______.”(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 23)
A. has shown
B. is showing
C. shows
D. showed 【解析】選 C。此處是直接引語(yǔ)。句子的內(nèi)容是生活哲理，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意： 奶奶過(guò)去常常說(shuō)： “人生就像在雪中行走，因?yàn)槊恳徊蕉伎吹靡?jiàn)(留下了你的足跡)。” 考點(diǎn)2：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
It is the most instructive lecture that I ______ since I came to this school. (2011·湖南卷30)
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
【解析】選D。句意：自從我來(lái)了這所學(xué)校以后，這是我聽(tīng)過(guò)的最有教育意義的一場(chǎng)講座。這里考查了定語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)榍懊娴闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is，并且談?wù)摰氖菑倪^(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選D。 考點(diǎn)3：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí) — That must have been a long trip.
— Yeah, it ______ us a whole week to get there. (2011·北京卷27)
A. takes
B. has taken
C. took
D. was taking 【解析】選C 。 根據(jù)上句must have been可知trip發(fā)生在過(guò)去，因此第二句選用一般過(guò)去時(shí)took。句意：——那一定是一次漫長(zhǎng)的旅行。——是啊，我們花了整整一星期才到達(dá)那兒。 考點(diǎn)4：過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)
After Jack had sent some e-mails, he ______ working on his project. (2024·山東卷 28)
A. had started
B. has started
C. started
D. starts
【解析】選 C。 根據(jù)前半句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知后半句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，這樣才能符合“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這一條件。句意： Jack發(fā)了幾封電子郵件之后，他才開(kāi)始研究他的項(xiàng)目。 考點(diǎn)5：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. (2024·全國(guó)大綱卷18)
A. has told
B. is telling
C. has been telling
D. will have told 【解析】選 C。 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示： 過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)在剛剛結(jié)束或還在進(jìn)行。句意： 經(jīng)理從早上9點(diǎn)開(kāi)始就一直在不停地告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。根據(jù)句意選C。 考點(diǎn)6：一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) — Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? — I'm sorry, but by then I ______ to Beijing. How about five? (2024·陜西卷 24)
A. fly
B. will fly
C. will be flying
D. am flying
【解析】選C。根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的two o'clock和應(yīng)答句中的by then可知所填詞表示的動(dòng)作在將來(lái)正在進(jìn)行，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)，選C。 Ⅱ. 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 考點(diǎn)1：注意各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式
They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ______.(2024·四川卷11)
A. is being rebuilt
B. has been rebuilt
C. is rebuilt
D. has rebuilt 【解析】選A。本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意為： 他們現(xiàn)在暫時(shí)和父母一起居住，因?yàn)樗麄冏约旱姆孔诱谥亟ā８鶕?jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，且house與動(dòng)詞rebuilt之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)2：“get＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)
Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday. (2024·遼寧卷 35)
A. get paid
B. got paid
C. have paid
D. had been paid 【解析】選A。句意： 媽媽?zhuān)芊窠鑾酌涝o我，星期五發(fā)工資后還給你。until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，get paid相當(dāng)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)3：不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there's none left. (2024·重慶卷 27)
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out 【解析】選B。分析題干語(yǔ)境可知，食品供應(yīng)即將耗盡。run out為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能使用被動(dòng)形式，由此可排除C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可以表示將來(lái)，符合題意。因此，正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形 例1：— Shall we go fishing tomorrow? — Sounds great, but with so much homework ______， I really can't afford the time.
A. done
B. to do
C. being done
D. doing 【解析】選B。“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式表示將來(lái)，且常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 考點(diǎn)4：主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形 例2：This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2024·遼寧卷 29)
A. operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D. to operate 【解析】選D。在句型“主語(yǔ)＋be＋adj.＋to do”中，如果這個(gè)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞do的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，所以選D。 考點(diǎn)5: 雙賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
She was ______ the bike for 25 dollars，but she wouldn't take it.
A. provided
B. supplied
C. offered
D. gave 【解析】選C。 offer 作“出價(jià)，開(kāi)價(jià)”講，常有offer sb. money for sth.和offer sb. sth. for money兩種搭配。此處是將后者用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中。 考點(diǎn)6：短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) — Why does Lingling look so unhappy? — She ______ by her classmates.
A. has laughed
B. has laughed at
C. has been laughed
D. has been laughed at 【解析】選D。由by短語(yǔ)可知該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即可排除A、B。laugh是不及物動(dòng)詞，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而laugh at是及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)7：不及物動(dòng)詞和有些及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Great changes ______ in the city and a lot of factories ______. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; are set up D. were taken place; were set up 自我評(píng)估 【解析】選B。take place 為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，一般不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，即可排除A、C、D。 1. — You've left the light on.
— Oh, so I have. ______ and turn it off.
A. I'll go
B. I've gone
C. I go
D. I'm going 易錯(cuò)題筆記 【解析】選A。此題的A和D不易分清，因?yàn)閮烧呔杀硎緦?lái)。will 和 be going to后接動(dòng)詞原形均可表示意圖，但意圖有強(qiáng)弱之分，如果是事先考慮過(guò)的意圖，要用 be going to；如果不是事先考慮過(guò)的，而是說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)刻才臨時(shí)想到的意圖，則用 will。比較：
— I've come out without any money.
——我沒(méi)帶錢(qián)出來(lái)。 — Never mind, I will lend you some.
——沒(méi)關(guān)系，我借給你。 (句中用will lend表示“借”錢(qián)給對(duì)方是臨時(shí)想到的，即聽(tīng)了對(duì)方的話(huà)后臨時(shí)作出的反應(yīng)) I've bought a typewriter and I'm going to learn to type.我買(mǎi)了部打字機(jī)，我想學(xué)打字。 (句中用 be going to learn to type表示說(shuō)話(huà)人“學(xué)打字”是事先準(zhǔn)備的，并為此買(mǎi)了臺(tái)打字機(jī)) 2. By the window sits his wife, who, dressed in black, ______ like my aunt.
A. look
B. looking
C. looked
D. looks 【解析】選D。但B和C可能被誤選。此句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是 His wife sits by the window，由于句子主語(yǔ) his wife 帶有較復(fù)雜的修飾語(yǔ)，所以采用了倒裝語(yǔ)序(By the window sits his wife…)。who, dressed in black, ______like my aunt是定語(yǔ)從句，其中dressed in black是插入語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填looks作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)。 3. The bridge, which ______ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from
B. was dated from
C. dates from
D. dated from 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選B或D，認(rèn)為句中用了 1688 這個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，又因?yàn)?date from 不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以只能選D。其實(shí)此題的最佳答案應(yīng)是C，因?yàn)?date from 的意思是“自某時(shí)起存在至今(＝have existed since)”，它通常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而不用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(盡管其后接的是表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間)，除非所談?wù)摰臇|西現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在，如： The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. (那座教堂是13世紀(jì)建成的，兩年前在一次地震中被毀了。)(注意： 與 date from 同義的 date back to 也有類(lèi)似用法。)
4. — Do you like the material?
— Yes, it ______ very soft.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選D，認(rèn)為應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。其實(shí)，此題正確答案為C，因?yàn)?feel 在此為連系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
6. — He will come tomorrow.
— But I'd rather he ______ the day after tomorrow.
A. will come
B. is coming
C. came
D. had come 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A或B，因?yàn)樯衔牡?He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。但實(shí)際上此題的最佳答案是 C，這與 would rather 的用法有關(guān)。按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是： 用過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去。又如：
I'd rather you went home now.
我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就回家。 I'd rather you hadn't done that.
我真希望你沒(méi)有做過(guò)那件事。 “I've told him about it.” “But I'd rather you hadn't.” “我把這件事告訴他了。”“但我倒寧愿你沒(méi)有告訴他。” “He will take you as well.” “But I'd rather he didn't.” “他將把你也帶上。”“但我倒寧愿不要帶我去。” 7. Mr. Smith ______ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing 【解析】選D。這是由 but I don't know whether he has finished it 這一句話(huà)的語(yǔ)境決定的，全句意為“史密斯先生去年在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)，但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”。有的同學(xué)可能由于受 last year的影響而誤選B。但若選B，則句子前半部分的意思則為“史密斯先生去年寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)”，既然是“寫(xiě)了”，那么這與下文的“但我不知道他現(xiàn)在是否寫(xiě)完了”相矛盾。
