考研的語法：非謂語動(dòng)詞中的有關(guān)句型
(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語的句型
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。
2) It is + no use, no good 等名詞+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對(duì)也沒有用。
It is a great fun playing football.打籃球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
3)It is + useless + doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光說沒用。
It is nice seeing you again.真高興又遇到了你。
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car.開這種小車是浪費(fèi)。
4)There is no + doing...
There is no telling what he is going to do.說出他要干什么是不可能的。
There is no saying what may happen.說出將要發(fā)生什么是不可能的。
5)There is no use +doing sth.做某事沒用
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶灑了，哭也無用。
6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + +doing
have作有解時(shí)，后接情感名詞，再接動(dòng)名詞。這類詞還有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time.
例如：We had difficulty carrying out the plan.我們執(zhí)行計(jì)劃有困難。
7)feel like + 名詞 感覺像動(dòng)名詞 想要 =would like to +原形動(dòng)詞
I feel like a newborn baby.我感覺像一個(gè)新生的嬰兒。
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看電影嗎?
I dont feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想讀書。
8) spend/waste time doing sth.
They spent a lot time making preparations.他們花了許多時(shí)間作準(zhǔn)備。
9)在require后只能用動(dòng)名詞，不能用不定式，盡管表示被動(dòng)的意思也要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式。
This problem requires studying with great care.這個(gè)問題需要仔細(xì)研究。
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser.
有關(guān)分詞句型
1)在表示感覺和心里狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，smell，listen，notice，observe，smell，watch這類表示感覺的動(dòng)詞之后常跟賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種動(dòng)詞與分詞之間的賓語可以是普通名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~，也可以是代詞賓格。例如：
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她聞到有東西在燃燒并看到有煙升起來了。
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他們排演戲。
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感覺到風(fēng)在我臉上吹過。
2)表示致使等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述的結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可跟過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。
If she catches me reading her diary，shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會(huì)憤怒的。
We found him waiting to receive us.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正等著接待我們。
3)go +現(xiàn)在分詞表示從事之意，這時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞做主語補(bǔ)語。go之后所接現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的戶外活動(dòng)。如：jogging慢跑，fishing釣魚，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保齡球，shopping 購物，sightseeing游覽，camping露營。
Ill go camping tomorrow.我明天去露營。
Ill go shopping.我去商店。
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰嗎?
4)be busy + v-ing忙著做
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙著寫論文。
His assistant is busy correcting papers.他的助教忙于批閱考卷。
或者be busy with + n.忙著做某事。
He is busy with his work.他忙著工作。
5)What do you say to + ing分詞?
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我們一起進(jìn)餐，你看怎么樣?
(3)有關(guān)動(dòng)詞不定式句型
下面這些詞組是不定式的習(xí)慣用法，只能用不定式形式。
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
there be的非謂語形式
there be非謂語形式可在句中作主語、的賓語、的狀語和定語。
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.
1)作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，通常用there to be結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用there being。能這樣用的及物動(dòng)詞為：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：
We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind，我們不希望有任何同志掉隊(duì)。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長隊(duì)。
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我們并不反對(duì)在這里開會(huì)。
It isnt enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.
2)作狀語多用there being結(jié)構(gòu)，但若置于介詞之后，for用there to be整個(gè)介詞短語作程度狀語，其它多半用there being。
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近沒有人，我只得獨(dú)自干了。
Its too early for there to be anybody up.太早了，還不會(huì)有人起床。
There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry.因?yàn)楹瞄L時(shí)間沒下雨了，地面非常干燥。
3)作主語時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以，但如是用for引導(dǎo)則要用there to be。
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼兒園在校園內(nèi)對(duì)女教師十分方便。
4)作定語。 There be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語時(shí)，定語從句中謂語為there be，there之前的關(guān)系代詞常常省略。如：
This is the fastest train there is to Nanking.這是到南京的最快一班車。
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。
(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語的句型
1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術(shù)。Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。
2) It is + no use, no good 等名詞+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對(duì)也沒有用。
It is a great fun playing football.打籃球很有趣。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
3)It is + useless + doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光說沒用。
It is nice seeing you again.真高興又遇到了你。
It is good Playing chess after supper.晚飯后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car.開這種小車是浪費(fèi)。
4)There is no + doing...
There is no telling what he is going to do.說出他要干什么是不可能的。
There is no saying what may happen.說出將要發(fā)生什么是不可能的。
5)There is no use +doing sth.做某事沒用
There is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶灑了，哭也無用。
6)have difficulty /trouble/problem + +doing
have作有解時(shí)，后接情感名詞，再接動(dòng)名詞。這類詞還有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time.
例如：We had difficulty carrying out the plan.我們執(zhí)行計(jì)劃有困難。
7)feel like + 名詞 感覺像動(dòng)名詞 想要 =would like to +原形動(dòng)詞
I feel like a newborn baby.我感覺像一個(gè)新生的嬰兒。
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看電影嗎?
I dont feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想讀書。
8) spend/waste time doing sth.
They spent a lot time making preparations.他們花了許多時(shí)間作準(zhǔn)備。
9)在require后只能用動(dòng)名詞，不能用不定式，盡管表示被動(dòng)的意思也要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式。
This problem requires studying with great care.這個(gè)問題需要仔細(xì)研究。
10)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)
I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser.
有關(guān)分詞句型
1)在表示感覺和心里狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，smell，listen，notice，observe，smell，watch這類表示感覺的動(dòng)詞之后常跟賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種動(dòng)詞與分詞之間的賓語可以是普通名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~，也可以是代詞賓格。例如：
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她聞到有東西在燃燒并看到有煙升起來了。
I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他們排演戲。
I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感覺到風(fēng)在我臉上吹過。
2)表示致使等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述的結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可跟過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。
If she catches me reading her diary，shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會(huì)憤怒的。
We found him waiting to receive us.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正等著接待我們。
3)go +現(xiàn)在分詞表示從事之意，這時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞做主語補(bǔ)語。go之后所接現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的戶外活動(dòng)。如：jogging慢跑，fishing釣魚，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保齡球，shopping 購物，sightseeing游覽，camping露營。
Ill go camping tomorrow.我明天去露營。
Ill go shopping.我去商店。
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰嗎?
4)be busy + v-ing忙著做
I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙著寫論文。
His assistant is busy correcting papers.他的助教忙于批閱考卷。
或者be busy with + n.忙著做某事。
He is busy with his work.他忙著工作。
5)What do you say to + ing分詞?
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我們一起進(jìn)餐，你看怎么樣?
(3)有關(guān)動(dòng)詞不定式句型
下面這些詞組是不定式的習(xí)慣用法，只能用不定式形式。
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
there be的非謂語形式
there be非謂語形式可在句中作主語、的賓語、的狀語和定語。
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.
1)作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)，通常用there to be結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用there being。能這樣用的及物動(dòng)詞為：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：
We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind，我們不希望有任何同志掉隊(duì)。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長隊(duì)。
We have no objection to there being a meeting here.我們并不反對(duì)在這里開會(huì)。
It isnt enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jims car out quite safely.
2)作狀語多用there being結(jié)構(gòu)，但若置于介詞之后，for用there to be整個(gè)介詞短語作程度狀語，其它多半用there being。
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.由于附近沒有人，我只得獨(dú)自干了。
Its too early for there to be anybody up.太早了，還不會(huì)有人起床。
There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry.因?yàn)楹瞄L時(shí)間沒下雨了，地面非常干燥。
3)作主語時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以，但如是用for引導(dǎo)則要用there to be。
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young.老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers.幼兒園在校園內(nèi)對(duì)女教師十分方便。
4)作定語。 There be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語時(shí)，定語從句中謂語為there be，there之前的關(guān)系代詞常常省略。如：
This is the fastest train there is to Nanking.這是到南京的最快一班車。
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。
