a[E, eI] / an[En, An] art. 一(個；件……)：This is an egg. 這是一個雞蛋。/ Let me have a try. 我來試一試。/ A dog is a kind of animal. 狗是一種動物。

【用法】1. 在以輔音或半元音開頭的詞前用a，而在以元音開頭的詞前用an。2. 單數可數名詞若泛指，其前需加a / an，不要從漢語習慣出發漏掉此不定冠詞，如不說He is famous film star.(應在famous前加a)。

able[5eIbl] adj. 有能力的；能干的：He is an able teacher. 他是位有能力的教師。/ She is old but still able. 她雖老但仍然很能干。

【短語】be able to 能，會：He is able to swim. 他會游泳。

about[E5baJt] prep. 關于；對于：I know all about it. 這件事我都知道。 adv. 大約：It is about ten o’clock. 大概10點鐘了。

【短語】be about to 即將，馬上(后接動詞原形，注意該短語不與具體的時間狀語連用)：He is about to return to his homeland. 他即將回鄉。

【辨析】about與on：about 指泛泛地或非正式地談論某事, 其談論的內容也較為普通；而 on 則指比較有系統地或理論性較強地論述某事，其論述的內容較正式或較為嚴肅。

above[E5bQv] prep. 在……上面：The lamp hangs above the bed. 燈掛在床的上方。

【短語】above all 首先，特別是：Never waste anything, but above all never waste time. 任何東西都不可浪費，特別是不可浪費時間。

【辨析】above與over：兩者都可表示“高于”，over 主要表示垂直方向的正上方，而 above 則不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)。

abroad[E5brC:d] adv. 到國外，在國外：I want to study abroad in the future. 將來我想在國外學習。/ His friends are going abroad on holiday. 他的朋友準備出國休假。

【注意】abroad是副詞，不是名詞，所以不說 go to abroad, in the abroad 等。

accident[5AksIdEnt] n. 事故，災難：There has been a traffic accident. 出了一次交通事故。/ That boy met with a bad accident last month. 上個月那個男孩出了很嚴重的事故。

【短語】by accident 偶然，無意中，不小心：We met each other again completely by accident.我們再次相遇，完全出于偶然。

across[E5krCs] prep. 穿過，橫穿：Be careful across the road. 過馬路要小心。

【注意】across 是介詞，不是動詞，與之意義相近的動詞形式是 cross，注意不要混淆。

active[5Aktiv] adj. 積極的：He always takes an active part in the class activities. 他總是積極參加班上的活動。

【短語】be active in 積極參加：He is active in politics. 他積極參加政治活動。

ad[Ad] = advertisement[7AdvE5taizmEnt] n. 廣告：The wall was covered with ads. 墻上貼滿了廣告。/ Do you like the ad for the KFC? 你喜歡肯德基的廣告嗎？

address[E5dres] n. 地址：could you tell me your address? Maybe I can do you a favor. 可以告訴我你的地址嗎？也許我能幫你。

afford[E5fC:d] v. 有足夠的(錢，時間)做某事：Today many families can afford a car. 如今很多家庭買得起車。/ I cannot afford the time to go to the market today. 今天我抽不出時間去市場了。

【用法】通常與 can, be able to 等連用；后接動詞時要用不定式，不用動名詞。

afraid[E5freid] adj. 害怕的：Most people are afraid of snake. 大多數人都怕蛇。

【短語】be afraid of 害怕：He is afraid of nothing. 他什么都不怕。

【用法】是表語形容詞，一般不能放在名詞前作定語。

【辨析】 be afraid of doing sth 與 be afraid to do sth：兩者均可表示“害怕做做某事”、“不敢做某事”，但若要表示擔心可能會發生某事時，則只能用 be afraid of doing：I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 我怕傷了她的感情。

Africa[5AfrIkE] n. 非洲：Africa is rich in minerals. 非洲礦產豐富。

after[5B:ftE] prep. & conj. 在……之后；在……后面：After class, we will have ten minutes to rest. 下課后，我們有10分鐘的休息時間。/ Phone me after you get home. 到家后給我來電話。

【辨析】after 與 in：兩者均可與一段時間連用表示“在……之后”，其區別是：after表示以過去時間為起點的一段時間以后，且通常與過去時態連用；而in則表示以現在為起點的一段時間以后。

afternoon[7B:ftE5nu:n] n. 下午，午后：In summer, children often don’t go out in the afternoon. 夏季的午后孩子門一般不出門。/ Let’s go swimming this afternoon. 今天下午去游泳吧。

again[E5gen] adv. 又，再：please say it again. 請再說一遍。/ The little boy made the same mistake again. 這個小男孩又犯了同樣的錯誤。

【短語】 again and again 再三地，一再地，反復地：Our English teacher tells us to study hard again and again. 我們的英語老師反復地告訴我們要刻苦學習。

【用法】通常不與那些已經含有 again 意義的動詞(如repeat, renew等)連用。

against[E5genst] prep. 對著，與……對抗：Our class plays against Class 2 in this basketball game. 這次籃球賽我們班對2班。

【注意】against是介詞，不是動詞，不能單獨用作謂語。

age[eidV] n. 年齡：At the age of 12, my parents held a birthday party for me. 我12歲時，爸爸媽媽為我舉辦了一個生日宴會。/ What’s your age? 你多大年紀了？

ago[E5gEu] adv. 以前：How long ago did my mother leave? 我媽媽走了多久了？/ A week ago we began our summer holiday. 一個星期以前，暑假開始了。

【用法】通常與一般過去時連用。

agree[E5gri:] v. 同意，贊成：I agree with you on that point. 在那一點上我同意你的觀點。/ Side A has agreed with the suggestion. 甲方已經同意了這項建議。

【短語】 agree with 同意……意見(想法)；符合，一致：We all agree with you. 我們大家都同意你的意見。/ Tom’s words don’t agree with his actions. 湯姆的言行不一致。

【說明】后接動詞要用不定式，不用動名詞。

air[eE] n. 天空，空氣：Every morning I open the window to make the air in the room fresh again. 每天早晨我都會打開窗戶，讓房間里的空氣清新。

【短語】in the air 在空中：I see a bird in the air. 我看到一只鳥在天空中飛翔。in the open air 在戶外；在野外：We sometimes have a picnic in the open air. 有時我們在戶外野炊。

airport[5eEpC:t] n. 飛機場：I’ll contact you when I reach the airport. 我到機場時再跟你聯系。

alive[E5laiv] adj. 活著的：The fish is still alive. 魚還是活的。/ He is alone, but lucky to be alive. 他孤單一人，但所幸還活著。

【辨析】alive, living和live：三者均可表示“活著的”，alive 主要作表語，可用于人或動物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定還活著。living 可用作表語或定語，可用于人或物。如：Are your grandparents still living? 你的祖父母還健在嗎？ live 通常只用作定語(前置)，可用于動物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：He bought some live fish. 他買了幾條活魚。

all[C:l] pron. 全體，全部：All can’t live without air. 所有的人離開空氣都不能生存。adj. 所有的：All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。 adv. 都；完全：The ground was all white after the snow fell. 下雪后地上一片白茫茫的。

【短語】 all by oneself 獨自，單獨：He did his homework all by himself. 他獨立完成了家庭作業。all day 一整天：We shall not read all day and had better spare time to consider. 我們不應該一天到晚地死讀書，最好抽點時間來思考。all over 遍及：My dream is to travel all over the world. 我的夢想是游遍全世界。all right 好；行；不錯：His study is always all right. 他的學習成績一向不錯。all the same 仍然，還是：She is busy but she insists on visiting her mother every week all the same. 雖然她很忙，但她仍然堅持每個星期都去看她的母親。 all the year round 一年到頭：Her father is busy with his business all the year round. 她爸爸一年到頭都在忙生意(from www.yygrammar.com)。

allow[E5lau] v. 允許，準許：We shall not allow a stranger inside. 我們不應該讓陌生人進門。/ Are we allowed to sit down.?能允許我們坐下嗎？/ We do not allow smoking in our office. 我們辦公室里不允許吸煙。

【短語】 allow sb to do sth 允許某人做某事：We do not allow people to smoke here. 我們不許(人們)在此吸煙(此地禁止吸煙)。

almost[5C:lmEust] adv. 幾乎，差不多：He almost forgot the meeting this evening. 他差點兒忘了今晚的會議。/ He is almost as tall as I am. 他幾乎有我這么高了。

【辨析】almost和nearly：兩者都可用來修飾不定代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、介詞短語等，此時兩者常可換用。almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never等否定詞之前，但 nearly 一般不這樣用。如：Almost any man can do it.幾乎任何人都會做。nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等詞修飾，但 almost 之前不能用這些詞。如：The car is pretty nearly new. 這汽車幾乎是全新的。

alone[E5lEun] adv. 獨自，單獨地：I want to talk with you alone. 我想和你單獨談談。adj.單獨的，獨自的：I was alone in the house.房子里只有我一個人。

along[E5lCN] prep. 沿著，順著：After supper, I like to go for a walk along the river. 晚飯后，我喜歡沿著河邊散步。adv. 一道，一起：My sister brought me along. 我姐姐把我也帶去了。

already[C:l5redi] adv. 已經：I have already seen that film three times. 那場電影我已經看過三遍了。

also[5C:lsEu] adv. 也：He can speak English, and also French. 他不但會說英語，還會說法語。/ Beth also is fond of singing. 貝思也喜歡唱歌。

although[C:l5TEu] conj. 雖然，盡管：Although we all tried our best, we lost the game. 雖然我們已盡了最大的努力，但還是輸了。

【注意】如果句子中使用了連詞although，那么不再使用并列連詞but。

always[5C:lweiz] adv. 總是，一直，經常：Why do you always get up so late? 你為什么老起這么晚？

amaze[E5meiz] v. 使……大為驚訝，使驚愕：She was amazed that he was still alive. 他居然還活著使她感到驚異。/ He amazed everyone by passing his driving test. 他駕駛考試合格使大家很驚奇。

【短語】be amazed at / by對……感到驚訝：I was amazed at / by her calmness. 我對她的鎮定感到吃驚。

amazing[E5meiziN] adj. 令人驚奇的，驚人的：The experiment was an amazing success. 實驗取得了驚人的成功。/ What an amazing film! 多么了不起的一部影片啊！

America[E5merikE] n. 美國：(= the United States of America)

American[E5merikEn] n. & adj. 美國人(的)：Americans make very good ice-cream.美國人做的冰淇淋很好。

among[E5mQN] prep. 在……當中：He was waiting for his son among a crowd.他在人群中等他的兒子。

【辨析】among和between：among 一般用于三者或三者以上的“在……中間”，其賓語通常是一個表示籠統數量或具有復數(或集合)意義的名詞或代詞。如：They hid themselves among the trees. 他們躲在樹林中。between 一般指兩者之間，其賓語往往是表示兩者的名詞或代詞，或者是由 and 連接的兩個人或物。如：There was a fight between the two boys. 這兩個孩子打過一次架。

and[End] conj. 和，又，而：We were cold and hungry. 我們饑寒交迫。/ He is able to read and write. 他能讀又能寫。

【短語】and so on等等：They sell pens, pencils, paper and so on. 他們出售鋼筆、鉛筆、紙張等等。

angry[5ANgri] adj. 發怒的，生氣的：I lost the key and my father was angry. 我把鑰匙弄丟了，爸爸很生氣。/ He was so angry with his brother. 他很生弟弟的氣。

【短語】 be angry with sb對某人發脾氣：Parents had better not often be angry with children. 父母最好不要經常對孩子發脾氣。be angry at / about sth 對某事生氣：He is always getting angry about something. 他總是為一些事生氣。

animal[5Animl] n. 動物：Monkey is a kind of wild animal. 猴子是一種野生動物。/ There are a lot of animals in the zoo. 動物園里有許多動物。

another[E5nQTE] adj.& pron. 另一個(的)；又一個(的)：I need to buy another book. 我還需要買一本書。/ Would you like another cup of tea? 你想再喝一杯茶嗎？

【用法】泛指不確定數目中的“另外任何一個”。

answer [5B:nsE] v. 回答：I can answer this question. 我能回答這個問題。/ He answered that he knew nothing about it.他答復說關于此事他一點兒也不知道。

any [5eni] adj.什么；一些；任何的：Do you need any help? 你需要什么幫助嗎？/ Do ask, if you have any questions. 如果有問題，一定要問。

【用法】常用于否定句，疑問句和條件句中。

【短語】any more 再，更：He was not naughty any more. 他不再淘氣了。/ They don’t live here any more. 他們現在不再住在這里了。

anybody[5enibCdi] pron. 任何人：Has anybody seen my ball pen? 有人看到我的圓珠筆了嗎？/ If he doesn’t know how is anybody else to know? 如果他都不知道還有什么人會知道？

anything[5eniWiN] pron. 任何事(物)：We can do anything we like. 我們想干什么都行。/ If you want anything to drink please tell me? 如果你想喝點什么請告訴我。

appear[E5piE] v. 出現，露面：After the storm, a rainbow appeared in the sky. 暴雨過后天空出現了彩虹。/ To my surprise he suddenly appeared. 他的突然出現使我吃了一驚。

apple[5Apl] n. 蘋果：Apple is one of my favorite fruits. 蘋果是我最喜歡的水果之一。/ There is an apple tree in front of my house. 我家門前有一棵蘋果樹。

April[5eiprEl] n. 四月：The first day of April is Fool’s Day. 4月1日是愚人節。/ April is the season of flowers. 四月是鮮花盛開的季節。

arm[B:m] n. 手臂，胳膊：His arm hurt after he fell down. 他摔倒后弄傷了胳膊

【短語】arm in arm 手挽手地：Lily and Lucy walked arm in arm. 麗麗和露西手挽手地走著。

around[E5raund] prep. 在……周圍，環繞著：The moon moves around the earth. 月球繞著地球轉。/ Students stood all around their teacher. 學生們圍著老師站著。

arrive[E5raiv] v. 到達，抵達某地：At 7 o’clock, we arrived the railway station.我們7點鐘到了火車站。/ He was tired when he arrived home. 他到家時非常疲倦。

【辨析】arrive, get 和reach：三者均可表示“到達”，區別如下：arrive 和 get 都是不及物動詞，前者較正式，后者則較口語化。兩者之后均不可直接接賓語，但可接 here, there, home 之類的表地點的副詞作狀語。reach 通常是及物動詞(較get 更正式)，其后可直接跟地點名詞作賓語(不能用介詞)。

art[B:t] n. 藝術；藝術品：She is going to art school in New York. 她要去上紐約的藝術學校。/ A work of art is the wisdom of artists. 藝術品是藝術家智慧的結晶。

as[Ez] conj. 按照，如同；因為，由于：The child always do as his mother say. 這個小孩總是按照他媽媽說的做。/ I didn’t buy the dress, as I thought it was too expensive. 我沒有買那件衣服，因為我認為它太貴了。prep.作為：As a good teacher, he cares about his students very much. 作為一名好老師，他很關心自己的學生。

【短語】as if 好像：It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起來好像要下雨。as long as 假如，如果，只要 ：I won’t forget as long as I live. 我一輩子都忘不了。as usual 像平常一樣：It is raining heavily but I go to school as usual. 雖然雨下得很大，但我還是像平常一樣去上學。as well 也；又；同樣的：Tom was praised by his teacher as well. 湯姆也得到了老師的表揚。as…as 與……一樣：Paul has already been as tall as his father. 保羅已經和父親一樣高了。not as / so…as與……不一樣：This coat is not so beautiful as that one. 這件外套不如那件好看。

ask[B:sk] v. 問：She asked whether I wanted tea or coffee. 她問我要茶還是咖啡。/ He asked me the time. 他問我時間。

【短語】ask for 請求；詢問：I helped her ask for sick leave. 我幫她請了病假。

asleep[E5sli:p] adj. 睡著的，熟睡的：As soon as he went to bed, he fell asleep. 他一倒在床上就睡著了。/ The child in the photo was fast asleep. 照片中的那個孩子睡得好熟。