第5課

　　虛擬語氣

　　一、虛擬語氣的規則用法：

　　1主、從句都表示與過去事實相反：

　　從句的謂語動詞用：had + 動詞過去分詞;

　　主句的謂語動詞用：情態動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞。

　　注意：能用于虛擬語氣的情態動詞只有四個：should, could, would, might.

　　使用哪一個情態動詞要由句子含義決定，考試中出現最多的是could, would.

　　2 主、從句都表示與現在事實相反：

　　從句的謂語動詞用：動詞過去式(如果是be則只能用were)

　　主句的謂語動詞用：情態動詞 + 動詞原形。

　　3 主、從句都表示與將來事實相反：

　　從句的謂語動詞用：were to + 動詞原形(重點)、should + 動詞原形、動詞過去式;

　　主句的謂語動詞用：情態動詞 + 動詞原形。

　　二、虛擬語氣的特殊應用：

　　1 would rather + 句子，這時句子謂語動詞用一般過去時來體現虛擬語氣。

　　2 if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，這時句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

　　有兩種形式可以體現虛擬語氣：

　　a. 如果該句子如果表示與現在或將來事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時。

　　b. 如果該句子如果表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。

　　70. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _B_ your advice.

　　A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed

　　47. If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible

　　A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve

　　注意：當if only后的句子表示與現在或將來事實相反，該用動詞過去式來表示虛擬語氣，而選項中又沒有時，可以采用這種形式：would + 動詞原形。

　　3 當以下動詞后加句子時，句子應用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞的形式是：(should)+ 動詞原形。

　　a. 表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.

　　b. 表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.

　　c. 表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.

　　d. 表示堅持，堅持認為的：insist.

　　4 it is + 第三點中動詞的過去分詞 + that引導的從句。

　　這樣的結構中從句謂語動詞形式為：(should)+ 動詞原形。

　　以下幾個形容詞置于該結構中時也要用相同的形式來體現虛擬語氣：

　　important, necessary, essential, obligatory(有義務的，強制性的，必須的)。

　　5 第三點中動詞相應的名詞形式 + that引導從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語氣，

　　謂語動詞形式為：(should)+ 動詞原形。

　　經常用于這種結構的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.

　　6 以下一些表達方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

　　or, otherwise, unless, but for

　　當遇到含有以上四個表達方式的句子時，先要判斷該句是表示與現在、過去、還是將來事實相反，然后依照相應的虛擬語氣規則用法的形式來確定句子結構。

　　含有下面三個表達方式的句子體現虛擬語氣的形式是固定的：

　　lest, for fear that, on condition that

　　它們后面句子的謂語動詞的形式都是：(should)+ 動詞原形。

　　7 it is time 是...的時候了。

　　這個結構有以下兩種變形形式，所用虛擬語氣形式都一樣：it is high time / it is about time.

　　這三個結構后面加的句子謂語動詞都用一般過去時來體現虛擬語氣。

　　8 注意以下兩種情況下should + 動詞原形中should不能省略。

　　這里should表示一種語氣，經常被翻譯成竟然。

　　a. 四個動詞：think, believe, expect, suspect.

　　它們的否定或者疑問形式后面加句子，句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。

　　I dont believe that he should be cheated. 我不相信他也會被騙。

　　b. it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪

　　以上三個結構后面加的句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。

　　錯綜時態的虛擬語氣

　　錯綜時態的虛擬語氣即指主句和從句在表達是與什么時態的事實相反上并不一致(比如主句要表達與現在事實相反而從句要表達與過去事實相反)，這種情況要采用對號入座的方法來處理，即主從句結構分別采用與其表達時態對應的結構。

　　60. If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _A_ now.

　　A wouldnt be smiling B couldnt have smiled C wont smile D didnt smile

　　2. If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _C_.

　　A you wont find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty now

　　C you would not find any difficulty now D you have not found any difficulty now

　　3. He would be studying at the university now if he _C_ the entrance examination.

　　A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed

　　16. It is a shame that he _B_ that poor little girl!

　　A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving

　　18. Mrs. bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _D_ her sons sleep.

　　A would interfere with B had interfered with

　　C interfered with D should interfere with

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　　21. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _C_ and perfected now.

　　A) developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed

　　22. This ticket _C_ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.

　　A gives B grants C entitles D credits

　　A,B兩項都要加雙賓語，結構為：gives / grants sb. sth.

　　entitle sb. to sth. 使某人有權得到某物; credit A to B 相信A是由B造成的。

　　相信飛機失事是由飛行員錯誤造成的。 Credit the crash to the pilots mistake.

　　crash 墜落，墜毀(專指飛機失事); collision 碰撞(強調兩個物體碰撞，如火車、汽車等)。

　　we are sorry, very sorry, terribly sorry, awfully sorry.

　　23. You _D_ her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks.

　　A neednt have seen B must have seen

　　C might have seen D cant have seen

　　24. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _D_ the police.

　　A called in B calling in C call in D to call in

　　have no choice but to do sth. 別無選擇，只能做...

　　25. She was so _B_ in her job that she didnt hear anybody knocking at the door.

　　A attracted B absorbed C drawn D concentrated

　　be attracted by 被所吸引; be absorbed in 全神貫注(專注)于做

　　be drawn in 被誘騙(誘使)做... ; concentrate on 專注于。

　　I was simply drawn in. 我是被誘騙上鉤的。

　　27. At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _B_ to another subject.

　　A committed B switched C favoured D transmitted

　　switch to another subject 轉換話題; switch to another channel 轉換。

　　28. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _C_ after 11 oclock at night.

　　A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play

　　29. Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _D_ through the window.

　　A vision B look C picture D view

　　view n. 景色，風景，視野，視域。

　　30. Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.

　　A of B to C with D from

　　具有比較意味的形容詞都要與介詞to搭配。

　　32. The manager needs an assistant that he can _A_ to take care of problems in his absence.

　　A count on B count in C count up D count out

　　presence n. 到場，出席; in ones presence 在某人在場的情況下。

　　count on=depend on 指望，依靠，依賴; count up 算出總數;

　　count in 把算在內; count out 把...排除在外。

　　33. The organization had broken no rules, but _A_ had it acted responsibly.

　　A neither B so C either D both

　　34. We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _D_ view.

　　A from B in C before D into

　　come into view 進入視野，進入眼簾。 cheer n. 歡呼; cheers 干杯;

　　cheer-team 拉拉隊; cheer-leader 拉拉隊長。英語中為了干杯用介詞to引起。

　　to your health 為了你的健康干杯; to friendship為了友誼干杯。 bottom up 先干了。

　　35. They took _D_ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.

　　A fruitful B beneficial C valid D effective

　　take effective measures 采取有效措施。 valid adj. 有效的，成立的。

　　36. Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _A_ it comes to classroom tests.

　　A when B since C before D after

　　sure 做定語時表示可靠的、穩妥的。 come to 談到，提及。

　　37. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _D_ directed.

　　A like B so C which D as

　　drug n. 藥品，毒品。 gay adj. 放蕩的，快樂的; n. 同性戀者，尤指男性同性戀。

　　so后面加過去分詞表示一種程度。 as后面加過去分詞時表示如同那樣，正如那樣。

　　53. I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _D_ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.

　　A while B since C after D as

　　precautions n. 防治措施; precautions against 防治的措施。

　　after being + 過去分詞，注意：after后面不能直接加過去分詞。

　　38. In developing countries people are _C_ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.

　　A breaking B filling C pouring D hurrying

　　pour into 涌入，蜂擁而入。 break into 強行闖入。

　　39. Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _A_ by about 10%.

　　A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising

　　表達將來的行為在將來某時間之前完成用將來完成時。

　　40. If I had remembered _A_ the window, the thief would not have got in.

　　A to close B closing C to have closed D having closed

　　remember to do sth. 記得要做某事但沒做。

　　41. There are other problems which I dont propose to _A_ at the moment.

　　A go into B go around C go for D go up

　　at the moment 目前，現在。 go into 談論，討論。

　　42. Dont get your schedule _C_; stay with us in this class.

　　A to change B changing C changed D change

　　43. It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _A_ knowledge.

　　A extensive B expansive C intensive D expensive

　　extensive adj. 范圍廣大的，廣博的; extensive knowledge 知識淵博。

　　expansive adj. 擴張的，面積廣闊的; expensive adj. 昂貴的，高價的。

　　intensive adj. 仔細深入的，細致入微的。

　　54. The patients health failed to such an extent that he was put into _C_ care.

　　A tense B rigid C intensive D tight

　　to such an extent 到如此的程度。 intensive care 特級護理。

　　44. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she _B_ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often.

　　A has to get B were to get C had got D could have got

　　46. A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _B_ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.

　　A take over B result in C hold on D keep to

　　not necessarily 未必; interests n. 利益。 take over 接管，接收;

　　result in 導致，結果是; hold on 堅持，挺住; keep to 堅持，遵守。

　　47. The ability to store knowledge makes computers different form every other machine _A_ invented.

　　A ever B thus C yet D as

　　48. Im not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I cant make a _C_ promise to help you.

　　A exact B defined C definite D sure

　　definite: unlikely to be changed 不可能被改變的; definite promise 不可能被改變的諾言。

　　49. I have kept that portrait _B_ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.

　　A which B where C whether D when

　　which在定語從句中除了做主語就是做賓語，when在定語從句中只能做時間狀語。

　　remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事。

　　50. The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally _D_ because of the bad weather.

　　A set off B broken off C worn off D called off

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　　21. Until then, his family _D_ from him for six months.

　　A didnt hear B hasnt been hearing C hasnt heard D hadnt heard

　　until then 直到那時。 hear from sb. 收到某人的來信，得到某人的消息。

　　22. The conference _B_ a full week by the time it ends.

　　A must have lasted B will have lasted C would last D has lasted

　　見到介詞by引導的時間狀語，謂語動詞就應是完成時態。

　　24. Physics is _B_ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.

　　A alike B equivalent C likely D uniform

　　be alike to sb. 對于某人來說均是一樣的。 be equivalent to 相當于。

　　All tastes are alike to him. 所有味道對他來說都一樣。

　　27. The new appointment of our president _A_ from the very beginning of next semester.

　　A takes effect B takes part C takes place D takes turns

　　semester n. 學期; president n. 大學校長; take effect 生效，發生效力;

　　take part in 參與，參加; take place=happen 發生; takes turn to do sth. 輪流做某事。

　　28. The president made a _A_ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.

　　A vigorous B tedious C flat D harsh

　　ceremony n. 典禮，儀式;表達在某個典禮上介詞用at。 vigorous adj. 強勁有力的，強有力的。

　　harsh adj. 刺耳的，令人不愉快的; flat adj. 平淡無奇的; tedious adj. 冗長無聊的。