大學英語四級閱讀理解長難句的六個大特點
四級閱讀理解難，難在長難句。如何破解長難句，是做好四級閱讀理解的關鍵一環。破解長難句通常采用方法是找準主謂賓去除定狀補，筆者認為，抓住長難句特點進行庖丁解牛是破解四級閱讀理解長難句的又一制勝法寶。
四級閱讀理解長難句有以下六大特點：
1、 主語拉長
一般來講，漢語主語比較簡短。相比之下，英語中主語一旦拉長，就會增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個擊破。例如：
The streams, lakes, meadows
時間過了37年。現在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關于美國手語和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志，以及制作相關的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(主謂賓都可以并列)
并列句是四級閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會把幾個成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個很長的句子。
解決方法：破解這樣句子的關鍵是要弄清楚兩個句子的邏輯關系，補全成分后重新還原為幾個單獨的句子即可。例如：
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
翻譯：對政府來說，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準，并且她事實上非常了解安哥拉的形勢和英國政府關于地雷的政策。
2
相當于拆分成三個句子：
To make matters worse for the government
It soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復合句疊加
所謂多重復合句疊加，就是說一個長句子當中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等)。
解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關系至關重要。通常采用圖表法。例如：
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
結構圖：
★①☆①
○○
★②☆②
說明：
○○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然，原句子是由有there be引導做主句，后面跟了兩個which 引導的定語從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個定語從句，像是一個連環套。
分解為以下幾個句子：
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯：
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應該保證以后不會再犯的具體行為
四級閱讀理解難，難在長難句。如何破解長難句，是做好四級閱讀理解的關鍵一環。破解長難句通常采用方法是找準主謂賓去除定狀補，筆者認為，抓住長難句特點進行庖丁解牛是破解四級閱讀理解長難句的又一制勝法寶。
四級閱讀理解長難句有以下六大特點：
1、 主語拉長
一般來講，漢語主語比較簡短。相比之下，英語中主語一旦拉長，就會增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個擊破。例如：
The streams, lakes, meadows
時間過了37年。現在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關于美國手語和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志，以及制作相關的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(主謂賓都可以并列)
并列句是四級閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會把幾個成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個很長的句子。
解決方法：破解這樣句子的關鍵是要弄清楚兩個句子的邏輯關系，補全成分后重新還原為幾個單獨的句子即可。例如：
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
翻譯：對政府來說，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準，并且她事實上非常了解安哥拉的形勢和英國政府關于地雷的政策。
2
相當于拆分成三個句子：
To make matters worse for the government
It soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復合句疊加
所謂多重復合句疊加，就是說一個長句子當中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等)。
解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關系至關重要。通常采用圖表法。例如：
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
結構圖：
★①☆①
○○
★②☆②
說明：
○○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然，原句子是由有there be引導做主句，后面跟了兩個which 引導的定語從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個定語從句，像是一個連環套。
分解為以下幾個句子：
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯：
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應該保證以后不會再犯的具體行為
