2010年12月英語六級深度閱讀解析及解題的步驟

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　　考生想要做好翻譯題，必須加強這方面的訓練。為了提高廣大考生的翻譯能力，特整理了以下2010年12月英語四級考試翻譯題精選練習資料，供考生復習。

　　六級閱讀由10%的快讀閱讀，5%的簡答題和20%的深度閱讀構成，而深度閱讀是考試重心之一，包括兩篇文章，做題時間為20分鐘左右，最多不能超過25分鐘，否則會影響其它題型解答的時間。

　　考生在面對六級閱讀詞匯量大、句子結構復雜、題材多樣化這樣的難題時，如何能準確解答關鍵在于兩點：一是如何在閱讀過程中準確在文中標記出需要查找的內容的具體位置;二是如何在閱讀完題干之后能迅速在文中根據記憶或者閱讀時的標注找出相關內容。如果第一方面做的很好能大大減少第二步所花的時間。

　　深度閱讀以議論性的文章為主，文章脈絡清晰、整體框架明確。而且，議論性的文章并不一定要100%全部讀懂，沒有必要把每一句話的意思都弄清楚，把每一個細節都掌握。4-5個問題不可能覆蓋文章中每一個細節、每一句話。解題過程中，只要找到答案，因此六級閱讀的解題過程中，通常采用的解題方法是

　　瀏覽題目，推測全文主題

　　閱讀理解的五道題目之間通常都會有隱含的邏輯聯系，所以通過第一遍的初步瀏覽，有助于把握文章所談論的主題，作出簡單設想和推測。如

　　1. The phrase emanate from in Paragraph 1 most probably means ________.

　　2. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?

　　3. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because________.

　　4. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because________.

　　5. We can infer from this passage that________.

　　第1、5題分別為猜詞題和推論題，沒有提供任何信息。不過第2、3、4題都提到了bad breath ，因此文章談論的主題就非常清晰，對于后面的理解和解題會有幫助。

　　判斷題型，確定題干關鍵詞

　　六級的深度閱讀主要考查主旨題、細節題、猜詞題、推論題和態度題等五種題型，重點考查細節題。細節題的關鍵詞主要有三類顯性關鍵詞：大寫、數字、連字符單詞、序數詞等;實意動詞;核心名詞和生詞。這一步對于接下來的瀏覽文章圈定關鍵詞至關重要。

　　跳讀文章，尋找關鍵詞

　　瀏覽文章切忌試圖弄懂文中的每一個單詞。如果逐句翻譯會影響做題的速度，而且會忽略各題區域的尋找。跳讀的目的是要整體把握一下文章脈絡，找到每道題目中的關鍵詞，從而可以確定每道題目答案的所在位置。答案在文中一般情況都是依次而下順序出現。

　　理解區域，排除干擾項

　　根據第三步尋找的區域，進行深度的翻譯和理解，比較選項與文章的信息，注意選項的同義改寫、主動被動轉換，同時要當心偷換概念、以偏概全等陷阱，依據選項一般不過于絕對等原理，排除干擾項，最終確定答案。

　　Passage One

　　For hundreds of millions of years, turtles have struggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the waters edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl towards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, youd think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct.

　　But Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness, and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads, which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from threatened to endangeredmeaning they are in danger of disappearing without additional help.

　　Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land , we have neglected the years spend in the ocean. The threat is from commercial fishing, says Griffin. Trawlers and longline fishers take a heavy toll on turtles.

　　Of course, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.

　　1. We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

　　A.human activities have changed the way turtles survive

　　B.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out

　　C.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles extinction

　　D.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles reproduction

　　2. What does the author mean by Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness ?

　　A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.

　　B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.

　　C.The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.

　　D.The turtle population has decreased in spite of human protection.

　　3. What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?

　　A.Their inadequate food supply.

　　B.Unregulated commercial fishing.

　　C.Their lower reproductively ability.

　　D.Contamination of sea water

　　4. How does global warming affect the survival of turtles?

　　A.It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.

　　B.The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.

　　C.The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.

　　D.It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.

　　5. The last sentence of the passage is meant to ________.

　　A.persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles

　　B.stress that even the most ugly species should be protected

　　C.call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles survival

　　D.warn our descendants about the extinction of species

　　Passage Two

　　There are few more sobering online activities than entering data into college-tuition calculators and gasping as the Web spits back a six-figure sum. But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends.

　　A 2008 study by two Harvard economists notes that the labor-market premium to skillor the amount college graduates earned thats greater than what high-school graduate earneddecreased for much of the 20th century, but has come back with a vengeance since the 1980s. In 2005, The typical full-time year-round U.S. worker with a four-year college degree earned $50,900, 62% more than the $31,500 earned by a worker with only a high-school diploma.

　　Theres no question that going to college is a smart economic choice. But a look at the strange variations in tuition reveals that the choice about which college to attend doesnt come down merely to dollars and cents. Does going to Columbia University yield a 40% greater return than attending the University of Colorado at Boulder as an out-of-state student ? Probably not. Does being an out-of-state student at the University of Colorado at Boulder yield twice the amount of income as being an in-state student there? Not likely.

　　No, in this consumerist age, most buyers arent evaluating college as an investment, but rather as a consumer productlike a car or clothes or a house. And with such purchases, price is only one of many crucial factors to consider.

　　As with automobiles, consumers in todays college marketplace have vast choices, and people search for the one that gives them the most comfort and satisfaction in line with their budgets. This accounts for the willingness of people to pay more for different types of experiences . And just as two auto purchasers might spend an equal amount of money on very different cars, college students often show a willingness to pay essentially the same price for vastly different products. So which is it? Is college an investment product like a stock or a consumer product like a car? In keeping with the automotive worlds hottest consumer trend, maybe its best to characterize it as a hybrid ; an expensive consumer product that, over time, will pay rich dividends.

　　6. Whats the opinion of economists about going to college?

　　A.Huge amounts of money is being wasted on campus socializing.

　　B.It doesnt pay to run into debt to receive a college education.

　　C.College education is rewarding in spite of the startling costs.

　　D.Going to college doesnt necessarily bring the expected returns.

　　7. The two Harvard economists note in their study that, for much of the 20th century, ________.

　　A.enrollment kept decreasing in virtually all American colleges and universities

　　B.the labor market preferred high-school to college graduates

　　C.competition for university admissions was far more fierce than today

　　D.the gap between the earnings of college and high-school graduates narrowed

　　8. Students who attend an in-state college or university can ________.

　　A.save more on tuition

　　B.receive a better education

　　C.take more liberal-arts courses

　　D.avoid traveling long distances

　　9. In this consumerist age, most parents ________.

　　A.regard college education as a wise investment

　　B.place a premium on the prestige of the College

　　C.think it crucial to send their children to college

　　D.consider college education a consumer product

　　10. What is the chief consideration when students choose a college today?

　　A.Their employment prospects after graduation.

　　B.A satisfying experience within their budgets.

　　C.Its facilities and learning environment.

　　D.Its ranking among similar institutions.

　　參考答案

　　1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.D 10.B

　　點評

　　Passage One

　　本文是環保類題材的文章，主要談論由于人類活動以及氣候變暖等因素，海龜數量急劇下降。

　　首先根據題干信息，分別將5個題目進行定位。第一、二和五題有著明確的定位信息，而第三、四題的關鍵詞是Elizabeth Griffin和global warming，五道題目分別定位在第一段、第二段首句、第三段、末段和末段結尾句。接下來是理解定位，排除干擾項。52題是推論題，四個選項初看都像是正確答案，但通過理解，發現文章第一段都在談論人們在保護海龜方面付出的努力，而最后一句中all the attention 是對前面的總結，而正確選項B中efforts替換原文中的attention，dying out替換原文中的go extinct，運用同義替換原則。又如第55題，對于global warming的影響，錯誤項BCD中均有提到eggs, hatch, grow, beach等相關核心詞，但由于細節表述有誤，因此需要考生仔細閱讀辨析后排除錯誤答案。

　　而最后一題對應文章末句Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection. 考生需要在短時間之內分析這個長句的句子結構，理清句子思路。而該句的關鍵是or，如果兩邊成分一致表示或者，如果成分不一致，表示否則，而這里應該是后者。that outlived the dinosaurs 是定語從句修飾a creature, leaving our descendants to wonder是分詞作定語，修飾前面整句話，how引導賓語從句。

　　Passage Two

　　此文是典型的教育類文章，在六級考試中，教育類文章一般會深入探討教育體制和教育弊端。這篇閱讀有一個new idea是即使大學教育是一種高消費，但作者仍鼓勵和支持人們進入大學深造，把大學作為一種投資和商品的結合;這與以往六級閱讀大走批判路線有所不同。總體來說，這篇閱讀比上篇閱讀要簡單一些，因為較好定位。文章一共5段，每一段對應一道題。

　　要做好這篇文章需要把握兩點：1. 明確本文中心：即作者對于花錢上大學的態度;2. 定位到原文后做題時，即使不太確定整句話的意思，但只要注意幾個關鍵詞就大功告成。如第57題定位于第一段But之后，雖然是個長句，但是主要抓住關鍵families can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that should yield huge dividends，而最重點就是yield huge dividends，可見作者是持肯定態度的，從而排除了ABD這三個持否定態度的答案。又如第58題，考生可能對labor-market premium to skill理解不透，不過沒有關系，考場上只要看懂earn這一詞，還有decrease這一詞，就明白這句話談論的是有關收入earning。本篇較為容易的題有59、60、61題，59題靠2個數字就可解答出正確答案，而60、61題基本上答案就是原文中詞匯。

　　09年6月深度閱讀七個核心詞匯分析

　　account

　　n. 賬戶，描述

　　vi. 解釋; 說明

　　vt. 認為

　　account三個意思中賬戶為基本含義，ac-前綴，意為一再，count=number數，同根詞有accountant, discount，反復清算，一再校對即為賬戶。閱讀中account用作動詞最為常見，account for表示解釋，說明，也可譯為導致，同義詞組還有lead to，contribute to, be responsible for, give rise to, give birth to。

　　extinct

　　adj. 滅絕的，破滅的，過時的，熄滅的

　　前綴ex-為出、外，詞根tin，同tain，為掌控，握住，同根詞有obtain獲得，sustain持續。Ex + tin + ct = 失去控制，在掌控之外，引申為滅絕的，過時的。六級閱讀中extinct還有形式的變化，extinction滅絕，extinguish vt. 使熄滅，撲滅，使不復存在;extinguisher n. 撲火者，滅火器，同時還要區分一個近義詞extinctive, 意為tending to extinguish or make extinct。

　　prompt

　　adj. 迅速的，準時的

　　vt. 促使，提示，推動

　　前綴pro-進行，支持，向前，詞根mpt拿、采取，采取果斷行動、迅速的或使向前促進。Pro-前綴在閱讀中應用廣泛，例如prolong pro+long向前伸長延長，promote pro+mote使職位向前移動提升，propose pro +poseto put forward 把自己的意見呈上前提議， provoke pro+ voke 上前叫板挑釁。