2023考研英語閱讀巴拉圭的新總統
Paraguay s new president
巴拉圭的新總統
Cartes plays his cards
卡特高明的手段
Trickle-down economics in one of South America spoorest countries
南美最窮一國的滴流經濟學
IN OCTOBER claims surfaced that Victor Bogado, a Paraguayan senator, had arranged twolucrative public jobs for his children s nanny.
十月宣言浮出水面， 巴拉圭的參議院議長柏佳都，為其孩子的保姆安排了兩項有利可圖的公共工作。
A few weeks later 23 of his peersa majorityvoted against stripping him of the immunityfrom criminal proceedings that Paraguayan legislators enjoy.
幾周后，23位同僚，大多數反對剝奪巴拉圭立法者所享有的豁免刑事程序。
Instead of going unnoticed in a country where political clientelism has long been the norm,the story sparked outrage.
按理說國家出現政治上的庇護很正常可被忽略，反而故事引起了更多的憤怒。
Restaurants, petrol stations andbeauty salons in the capital, Asuncion, put up signs naming the 23 shameless rats, andbarring them as customers.
首都亞松森的餐館，汽車加油站以及美容沙龍，公然張貼了廣告名為23只不知羞恥的老鼠，禁止他們進店消費。
Two weeks later a senate committee overruled the vote for immunity.
兩周后，參議院委員會豁免視此種行為屬于無效選票。
The case of the golden nanny is part of a wider citizen revolt against political corruption.
金牌保姆的事件只是更多市民參與反對政治腐敗的一部分。
In October the Supreme Court ruled that Daniel Vargas, a radio host, had the right to knowthe names and salaries of municipal employees.
十月份，最高法院判定電視臺節目主持人丹尼爾巴爾加斯，有權知道市政雇員的名字和他們的薪酬。
Six years earlier listeners had asked him to investigate; he went to court after beingstonewalled.
早在6年前聽眾讓其去調查，他在受阻后上了法庭。
Without public pressure the Supreme Court would never have dared to move againstCongress, says his lawyer, Benjamn Fernandez.
若沒有了公共壓力，最高法院將絕不敢反對議會，他的律師本杰明費爾南德茲說道。
Rather than obliging citizens to seek the information piecemeal, Paraguay s new president,Horacio Cartes, told public bodies to publish it, though many are dragging their feet.
而不是為了使有責任心的公眾獲取的是零碎的信息，巴拉圭的新任總統奧拉西奧卡爾特，告訴公眾去懲治此事，盡管許多人不愿意合作。
Mr Cartes, a tobacco magnate, is a political neophyte who only joined the Colorado party inorder to run for office in April s general election.
卡爾特先生，煙草巨頭，也是一名政治新秀，僅為科羅拉多黨成員參加了四月普選。
The Colorados held power for 60 years, 35 as a notoriously corrupt dictatorship, beforelosing in 2008 to Fernando Lugo, a former bishop whose left-Liberal alliance promised toredistribute land and cut poverty.
科羅拉多黨執政60年來，臭名昭著的腐敗獨裁者多達35名，于2008年失敗于巴拉圭領導人費爾南多盧戈，前任大主教，左傾自由主義聯盟承諾重新分配土地以及治理貧窮。
In power Mr Lugo turned out to be weak and politically inept.
手握重權的盧戈不過是一名懦弱的笨拙的當政者。
After an unfairly abrupt, though constitutional, impeachment his Liberal vice-president,Federico Franco, replaced him in 2023. Lacking a strong internal candidate, the Coloradosplumped for Mr Cartes.
盡管是合乎憲法的，他遭到了有失偏頗的突如其來的彈劾，副總統費德里科弗朗哥于2023年取代了他。由于缺乏強大的內部候選人，科羅拉多政黨選中了卡爾特先生。
Many assumed the new president would be his party s puppet.
許多人設想新任總統將會是其政黨的傀儡。
Does his support for the anti-corruption fight show that the Colorados got more than theybargained for?
他反腐政策表明了科羅拉多意味著他們會獲得比他們要求的更多。
On taking office in August, Mr Cartes named technically able outsiders to his cabinet andpassed a fiscal-responsibility law limiting budget growth to 4% above inflation and thedeficit to no more than 1.5% of GDP.
自從8月入職以來，卡特爾先生技巧性的給其內閣以外的人，并通過了一項財政法律限制其預算增長到4%通貨膨脹以及財政赤字不高于國民生產總值的1.5%。
Since most spending goes on wages, that will squeeze patronage.
因為大多數花銷都用于付薪酬，那將會喪失庇護。
A new law will allow the executive to auction infrastructure concessions without having toget approval from Congress, where the Colorado old guard holds sway.
新法將允許行政人員拍賣基礎性設施讓步，而無須得到由科羅拉多一股老保守派統治的議會的批準。
Some waterways should be auctioned in months, says Jose Molinas, a former World Bankofficial who is now minister of planning.
一些水道應該在近幾個月內拍賣，Jose Molinas，前任世界銀行的官員現任規劃部部長。
Landlocked Paraguay relies on rivers to get its vast soya and beef exports to market.Intercity roads will follow.
被陸地包圍的巴拉圭依靠河運來出口大量的豆類與牛肉。城市間的道路的處理也隨之而來。
A law providing for disputes between government and concession-holders to be settled byinternational arbitration is planned for 2023.
一項解決政府以及讓步性之間的爭端將有國際仲裁部于2023年開啟。
The economy is predicted to have grown by 13.6% in 2023.
2023年經濟被預測已經增長了13.6%，
But that is mainly because of a bumper soya harvest after drought saw GDP shrink by 1.2%in 2023.
但是這主要是因為2023年國民生產總值減少了1.2%在豆制品豐收后。
Paraguay is one of South America s most unequal countries.
巴拉圭是南美最不公平的國家之一，
A third of its people are poor and 18% extremely so, while 6% of farms occupy 85% offarmland.
大約三分之一的人們貧窮，18%極端貧窮，僅有6%的農場就占據了85%的耕地。
Though Mr Lugo failed to reform landholding, partly because of opposition in Congress, hedid introduce modest handouts for the poorest.
盡管盧戈進行私人性質耕地的改革失敗，部分原因是因為議會的反對，他確實為最窮苦的人給予了最簡單的救濟品。
Mr Franco brought in an income tax, albeit at just 10% for the highest earners.
弗朗哥先生引進了收入稅，盡管對收入最高的富人只征收10%的稅收。
Mr Cartes, too, promises to cut poverty and create a fairer society.
卡特爾先生，也承諾消減貧困，創造一個相對公平的社會。
But his plans rely less on redistribution than on wooing foreign capital.
但是他的計劃過度依靠借助外資而不是資源的重新分配重組。
He has ceaselessly plugged the opportunities offered by the coming infrastructure auctions,Paraguay s abundant land, cheap labour, light-touch regulationand, of course, low taxes.
他執著于接洽即將到來的基礎設施的拍賣,如巴拉圭的富饒的耕地，廉價勞動力，溫和管理模式，當然，還有低稅收。
He vetoed a levy on the export of soyabeans, the economy s mainstay.
他決定對豆類的出口進行征稅，社會經濟的主要來源。
A rise in land taxes is the only one planned.
耕地稅的增長是唯一按照計劃進行的，
He sometimes strikes an off-key note, as when he told Uruguayan businessmen thatParaguay aimed to be easy, like a beautiful woman.
有時候他的做派不是很合理，比如當他告訴烏拉圭商人巴拉圭頭腦簡單，就像一個徒有其表的美女。
But he has swiftly restored ties with Mercosur, a regional bloc from which Paraguay wassuspended after the ousting of Mr Lugo.
但是他很快恢復了與南方共同市場，自盧戈被驅逐后，受人懷疑的巴拉圭所在的區域集團。
Mr Cartes has secured its readmission, partly by persuading Congress to ratify Venezuela sadmission to the group.
卡特爾先生保證了巴拉圭重新獲得認可，部分原因是因為說服了議會來修正委內瑞拉的入市資格。
It s in Paraguay s interests to be back inside Mercosur, he says. I don t want to waste mypresidency on fights.
他說道：這返回南共市是巴拉圭的利益，我不想把時間浪費在爭奪總統之位上面。
In Brazil strident calls for land reform faded when growth boosted jobs and salaries in cities.
在巴西瘋狂叫囂耕地改革的呼聲已經褪去，當時城市工作崗位以及薪水均已經增長。
But even if Mr Cartes s brand of trickle-down economics shows promise, many obstaclesremain.
但是即使卡特爾模式的滴流經濟學表態承諾實施，但是仍然困難重重。
Paraguay lacks the skilled workers to build all the promised infrastructure.
巴拉圭缺乏技術工人來建造所有的承諾過的基礎設施。
And the Colorado old guard will surely regroup. They are giving me time, says Mr Cartes.
科羅拉多老保守派勢力勢必會重組。
If I deliver results it ll be fine. He is counting on people power and openness to maintainmomentum.
他們給予了我時間卡特爾先生說道，如果我傳達了結果，事態將會好些。
People get used to things getting better. If you give them improvements they won t want togo back.
他依靠人民大眾的力量，公開保持這種勢頭。人們已經習慣了越來越好，如果你改善了他們的生活，他們將不想倒退回去。
詞語解釋
1.instead of 代替,而不是...
Consider renting or borrowing instead of buying.
考慮用租賃或者借用代替購買。
I wish mother was here instead of you!
我寧可是媽媽在這里而不是您!
2.put up 舉起;張貼
Protesters have been putting up barricades across a number of major intersections.
抗議者們在許多主要的十字路口設置了路障。
He was putting up a new fence at his home.
他正在為自己家搭建新的籬笆墻。
3.ask to 邀請參加
Audiences often ask to see the previous screen again.
聽眾經常會要求再看一遍上一張幻燈片。
Could they ask to be paid for assuming illiquidity risk?
他們能夠因為預想中的非流動性風險而要求賠償嗎?
4.dare to 敢于
Politicians must then dare to support such action.
屆時，政治家們必須敢于支持此類行動。
Whether the epp would dare to eject mr berlusconi is another matter.
歐洲人民黨是否敢驅逐貝盧斯尼先生是另一碼事。
Paraguay s new president
巴拉圭的新總統
Cartes plays his cards
卡特高明的手段
Trickle-down economics in one of South America spoorest countries
南美最窮一國的滴流經濟學
IN OCTOBER claims surfaced that Victor Bogado, a Paraguayan senator, had arranged twolucrative public jobs for his children s nanny.
十月宣言浮出水面， 巴拉圭的參議院議長柏佳都，為其孩子的保姆安排了兩項有利可圖的公共工作。
A few weeks later 23 of his peersa majorityvoted against stripping him of the immunityfrom criminal proceedings that Paraguayan legislators enjoy.
幾周后，23位同僚，大多數反對剝奪巴拉圭立法者所享有的豁免刑事程序。
Instead of going unnoticed in a country where political clientelism has long been the norm,the story sparked outrage.
按理說國家出現政治上的庇護很正常可被忽略，反而故事引起了更多的憤怒。
Restaurants, petrol stations andbeauty salons in the capital, Asuncion, put up signs naming the 23 shameless rats, andbarring them as customers.
首都亞松森的餐館，汽車加油站以及美容沙龍，公然張貼了廣告名為23只不知羞恥的老鼠，禁止他們進店消費。
Two weeks later a senate committee overruled the vote for immunity.
兩周后，參議院委員會豁免視此種行為屬于無效選票。
The case of the golden nanny is part of a wider citizen revolt against political corruption.
金牌保姆的事件只是更多市民參與反對政治腐敗的一部分。
In October the Supreme Court ruled that Daniel Vargas, a radio host, had the right to knowthe names and salaries of municipal employees.
十月份，最高法院判定電視臺節目主持人丹尼爾巴爾加斯，有權知道市政雇員的名字和他們的薪酬。
Six years earlier listeners had asked him to investigate; he went to court after beingstonewalled.
早在6年前聽眾讓其去調查，他在受阻后上了法庭。
Without public pressure the Supreme Court would never have dared to move againstCongress, says his lawyer, Benjamn Fernandez.
若沒有了公共壓力，最高法院將絕不敢反對議會，他的律師本杰明費爾南德茲說道。
Rather than obliging citizens to seek the information piecemeal, Paraguay s new president,Horacio Cartes, told public bodies to publish it, though many are dragging their feet.
而不是為了使有責任心的公眾獲取的是零碎的信息，巴拉圭的新任總統奧拉西奧卡爾特，告訴公眾去懲治此事，盡管許多人不愿意合作。
Mr Cartes, a tobacco magnate, is a political neophyte who only joined the Colorado party inorder to run for office in April s general election.
卡爾特先生，煙草巨頭，也是一名政治新秀，僅為科羅拉多黨成員參加了四月普選。
The Colorados held power for 60 years, 35 as a notoriously corrupt dictatorship, beforelosing in 2008 to Fernando Lugo, a former bishop whose left-Liberal alliance promised toredistribute land and cut poverty.
科羅拉多黨執政60年來，臭名昭著的腐敗獨裁者多達35名，于2008年失敗于巴拉圭領導人費爾南多盧戈，前任大主教，左傾自由主義聯盟承諾重新分配土地以及治理貧窮。
In power Mr Lugo turned out to be weak and politically inept.
手握重權的盧戈不過是一名懦弱的笨拙的當政者。
After an unfairly abrupt, though constitutional, impeachment his Liberal vice-president,Federico Franco, replaced him in 2023. Lacking a strong internal candidate, the Coloradosplumped for Mr Cartes.
盡管是合乎憲法的，他遭到了有失偏頗的突如其來的彈劾，副總統費德里科弗朗哥于2023年取代了他。由于缺乏強大的內部候選人，科羅拉多政黨選中了卡爾特先生。
Many assumed the new president would be his party s puppet.
許多人設想新任總統將會是其政黨的傀儡。
Does his support for the anti-corruption fight show that the Colorados got more than theybargained for?
他反腐政策表明了科羅拉多意味著他們會獲得比他們要求的更多。
On taking office in August, Mr Cartes named technically able outsiders to his cabinet andpassed a fiscal-responsibility law limiting budget growth to 4% above inflation and thedeficit to no more than 1.5% of GDP.
自從8月入職以來，卡特爾先生技巧性的給其內閣以外的人，并通過了一項財政法律限制其預算增長到4%通貨膨脹以及財政赤字不高于國民生產總值的1.5%。
Since most spending goes on wages, that will squeeze patronage.
因為大多數花銷都用于付薪酬，那將會喪失庇護。
A new law will allow the executive to auction infrastructure concessions without having toget approval from Congress, where the Colorado old guard holds sway.
新法將允許行政人員拍賣基礎性設施讓步，而無須得到由科羅拉多一股老保守派統治的議會的批準。
Some waterways should be auctioned in months, says Jose Molinas, a former World Bankofficial who is now minister of planning.
一些水道應該在近幾個月內拍賣，Jose Molinas，前任世界銀行的官員現任規劃部部長。
Landlocked Paraguay relies on rivers to get its vast soya and beef exports to market.Intercity roads will follow.
被陸地包圍的巴拉圭依靠河運來出口大量的豆類與牛肉。城市間的道路的處理也隨之而來。
A law providing for disputes between government and concession-holders to be settled byinternational arbitration is planned for 2023.
一項解決政府以及讓步性之間的爭端將有國際仲裁部于2023年開啟。
The economy is predicted to have grown by 13.6% in 2023.
2023年經濟被預測已經增長了13.6%，
But that is mainly because of a bumper soya harvest after drought saw GDP shrink by 1.2%in 2023.
但是這主要是因為2023年國民生產總值減少了1.2%在豆制品豐收后。
Paraguay is one of South America s most unequal countries.
巴拉圭是南美最不公平的國家之一，
A third of its people are poor and 18% extremely so, while 6% of farms occupy 85% offarmland.
大約三分之一的人們貧窮，18%極端貧窮，僅有6%的農場就占據了85%的耕地。
Though Mr Lugo failed to reform landholding, partly because of opposition in Congress, hedid introduce modest handouts for the poorest.
盡管盧戈進行私人性質耕地的改革失敗，部分原因是因為議會的反對，他確實為最窮苦的人給予了最簡單的救濟品。
Mr Franco brought in an income tax, albeit at just 10% for the highest earners.
弗朗哥先生引進了收入稅，盡管對收入最高的富人只征收10%的稅收。
Mr Cartes, too, promises to cut poverty and create a fairer society.
卡特爾先生，也承諾消減貧困，創造一個相對公平的社會。
But his plans rely less on redistribution than on wooing foreign capital.
但是他的計劃過度依靠借助外資而不是資源的重新分配重組。
He has ceaselessly plugged the opportunities offered by the coming infrastructure auctions,Paraguay s abundant land, cheap labour, light-touch regulationand, of course, low taxes.
他執著于接洽即將到來的基礎設施的拍賣,如巴拉圭的富饒的耕地，廉價勞動力，溫和管理模式，當然，還有低稅收。
He vetoed a levy on the export of soyabeans, the economy s mainstay.
他決定對豆類的出口進行征稅，社會經濟的主要來源。
A rise in land taxes is the only one planned.
耕地稅的增長是唯一按照計劃進行的，
He sometimes strikes an off-key note, as when he told Uruguayan businessmen thatParaguay aimed to be easy, like a beautiful woman.
有時候他的做派不是很合理，比如當他告訴烏拉圭商人巴拉圭頭腦簡單，就像一個徒有其表的美女。
But he has swiftly restored ties with Mercosur, a regional bloc from which Paraguay wassuspended after the ousting of Mr Lugo.
但是他很快恢復了與南方共同市場，自盧戈被驅逐后，受人懷疑的巴拉圭所在的區域集團。
Mr Cartes has secured its readmission, partly by persuading Congress to ratify Venezuela sadmission to the group.
卡特爾先生保證了巴拉圭重新獲得認可，部分原因是因為說服了議會來修正委內瑞拉的入市資格。
It s in Paraguay s interests to be back inside Mercosur, he says. I don t want to waste mypresidency on fights.
他說道：這返回南共市是巴拉圭的利益，我不想把時間浪費在爭奪總統之位上面。
In Brazil strident calls for land reform faded when growth boosted jobs and salaries in cities.
在巴西瘋狂叫囂耕地改革的呼聲已經褪去，當時城市工作崗位以及薪水均已經增長。
But even if Mr Cartes s brand of trickle-down economics shows promise, many obstaclesremain.
但是即使卡特爾模式的滴流經濟學表態承諾實施，但是仍然困難重重。
Paraguay lacks the skilled workers to build all the promised infrastructure.
巴拉圭缺乏技術工人來建造所有的承諾過的基礎設施。
And the Colorado old guard will surely regroup. They are giving me time, says Mr Cartes.
科羅拉多老保守派勢力勢必會重組。
If I deliver results it ll be fine. He is counting on people power and openness to maintainmomentum.
他們給予了我時間卡特爾先生說道，如果我傳達了結果，事態將會好些。
People get used to things getting better. If you give them improvements they won t want togo back.
他依靠人民大眾的力量，公開保持這種勢頭。人們已經習慣了越來越好，如果你改善了他們的生活，他們將不想倒退回去。
詞語解釋
1.instead of 代替,而不是...
Consider renting or borrowing instead of buying.
考慮用租賃或者借用代替購買。
I wish mother was here instead of you!
我寧可是媽媽在這里而不是您!
2.put up 舉起;張貼
Protesters have been putting up barricades across a number of major intersections.
抗議者們在許多主要的十字路口設置了路障。
He was putting up a new fence at his home.
他正在為自己家搭建新的籬笆墻。
3.ask to 邀請參加
Audiences often ask to see the previous screen again.
聽眾經常會要求再看一遍上一張幻燈片。
Could they ask to be paid for assuming illiquidity risk?
他們能夠因為預想中的非流動性風險而要求賠償嗎?
4.dare to 敢于
Politicians must then dare to support such action.
屆時，政治家們必須敢于支持此類行動。
Whether the epp would dare to eject mr berlusconi is another matter.
歐洲人民黨是否敢驅逐貝盧斯尼先生是另一碼事。
